Network congestion-----_____ occurs when network traffic starts to exceed handling capacities.

ICMP Echo Request packet-----A(n) _____ consists of an Ethernet header, IP header, ICMP header, and some undefined data.

Type-----The _____ field identifies types of ICMP messages that can be sent on the network.

ICMP Source Quench-----_____ permits a receiving host or intermediate gateway to instruct a sending host to adjust (lower) its sending rate to ease congestion problems.

average response time-----Most PING untilites send a series of several Echo Requests to the target in order to obtain a(n) _____.

Redirect-----Routers send ICMP _____ messages to hosts to indicate that a preferable route exists.

False-----The ICMP Echo Request is a connectionless process with no guarantee of delivery. T/F

True-----ICMP reports errors only about processing of non-ICMP IP datagrams. T/F

False-----The Code field provides error detection for the ICMP header only.

PATHPING-----The _____ utility is a command-line utility that uses ICMP Echo packets to test router and link latency, as well as packet loss.

RFC 792-----First published in 1981, defines the primary functions of, and blueprints for, ICMP messages to this day.

PING-----A form of ICMP Echo communication

IP hosts-----Typically learn about routes through the manually configured default gateway setting and the process of redirection.

Network Congestion-----Occurs when network traffic starts to exceed handling capacities

Black Hole router-----Silently discards packets without indicating any cause, thereby thwarting autorecovery or auto-reconfiguration attempts.

Code 6: Destination Network Unknown-----This ICMP packet is obsolete.

ICMP Echo Request-----A connectionless process with no guarantee of delivery.

Code 1: Redirect Datagram for the Host-----A router can send this ICMP message to indicate that there is a better way to get to the desired host.

ICMP Source Quench-----Permits a receiving host or intermediate gateway to instruct a sending host to adjust (lower) its sending rate to ease congestion problems.

224.0.0.1-----If configured to do so, routers periodically send unsolicited ICMP Router Advertisements to the all-hosts multicast address _____.

Source Quench-----A router or host may use _____ as a way to indicate that it is becoming congested or overloaded.

TRACEROUTE-----The _____ utility uses route tracing to identify a path from the sender to the target host.

path discovery-----Two of the most well known utilities, PING and TRACEROUTE, rely on ICMP to perform connectivity tests and _____.

False-----The value 0 in the IP header Protocol field denotes that an ICMP header follow the IP header.

Echo Requests-----Using ICMP _____ and some manipulation of the TTL value in the IP header, TRACEROUTE results provide a list of routers along a path, as well as the round-trip latency time to each router.

ICMP Redirect-----The message type _____ permits a gateway (route) on a non-optimal route between sender and receiver to redirect traffic to a more optimal path.

ICMP Echo/Echo Reply-----The message type _____ supports functionality for reachability utilities like PING and TRACERT; essential when installing, configuring, and troubleshooting IP.

host probe-----An IP _____ is performed by sending a PING packet (ICMP Echo Request packet) to each host within a range and noting the responses

Code 5: Source Route Failed-----A router sends the _____ ICMP reply to indicate that the router cannot use the strict or loose source routing path specified in the original packet.

ICMP Destination Unreachable-----The message type _____ documents when routing or delivery errors prevent IP datagrams from reaching their destinations.

ICMP-----_____ messages serve to keep hosts apprised of networking conditions and problems, and equipped to use best paths around the network.

RFC 1191-----_____ defines a method for discovering a Path MTU (PMTU) using ICMP

Checksum-----The ICMP packet field _____ provides error detection for the ICMP header only.

Firewalking-----_____ describes the concept of walking a firewall ACL or ruleset to determine what it filters and how.

True-----routers send ICMP Redirect messages to hosts to indicate that a preferable route exists. T/F

1812-----Although RFC _____ dictates that IP routers "must support the router part of the ICMP Router Discovery protocol on all connected networks on which the router supports either IP multicast or IP broadcast addressing," many do not.

Code 2: Protocol Unreachable-----A host or router can send the _____ error message to indicate that the protocol defined in the IP header cannot be processed.