CHAPTER III

12

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION 3.1 TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER FOR LAND

ROVER
3.1.1TRANSMITTER The radio frequency transmitter (SCTX2B) is used as multiplexer which sends corresponding switching pulse to signal processor unit. Signal processing unit has large signal amplifier (complementary symmetry amplifier) and crystal oscillator for frequency signal generation and transmission. The frequencies used are 35.005MHz, 35.015MHz, 35.025MHz, and 35.035MHz for Forward, Reverse and Left and Right motion respectively. 3.1.2RECEIVER The receiver has radio frequency receiver (SCRX2FS), it also has in built signal processing unit which process the serial data received and gives to the motor switching unit. This switching unit has negative feedback differential amplifier which switches corresponding motor in specified direction according to received signal. 15

3.2 TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER FOR ARM

3.2.1 TRANSMITTER The transmitter circuit has parallel to serial data multiplexer (HT12E) and RF transmitter TX02. It also has 6 push button and 8 diodes. When a push button is pressed corresponding parallel input is given to multiplexer and serial data output from multiplexer is given to transmitter which transmits corresponding radio frequency signal (35MHz). 3.2.2 RECEIVER The receiver circuit has serial to parallel data De-multiplexer (HT12D), Micro- controller (89C51) and RF receiver RX02. It also has 6 switching transistors and 6 relays. When a signal is received RX02 will give the serial data signal to De-multiplexer (HT12D) which converts it into parallel data. This parallel data will be given to Port1 pins of Microcontroller. The Micro-controller is pre -programmed based on requirement of the operation. The outputs are taken from Port3 pins of Microcontroller. These binary outputs are given to corresponding switching transistors. This activates corresponding relay and hence drives the specified motor in required direction.

18

3.3 AUTOMATIC LIGHT ILLUMINATION

In Automatic illumination system the LDR acts as sensor which activates/deactivates the relay (connected to doom light) depending on light illumination of environment. At low light illumination environment, resistance of LDR becomes high of mega-Ohms and activates the relay to switch on doom light array. At light illumination environment resistance of LDR drops and deactivates the relay. The Relay used here is 6V, 1A coil and operating principle is of electromagnetic type. Connections of doom light can be brought out of PCB and can be placed anywhere in robot. White LED array with polished reflectors surrounding the LED array has good illumination.

3.4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

A reverse biased germanium diode is used here as a temperature sensor. At room temperature the reverse resistance of the diode being very high (over 10K ), it produces no effect on transistor T1 which conducts and keeps the reset pin (4) of IC1 at ground level and so the alarm does not sound. When temperature in the vicinity of diode D1 (the sensor) increases in case of a high temperature, the reverse resistance of D1 drops. 21

At about 40 degree Celsius its resistance drops to a value below 1K. This stops T1s conduction and the ICs reset pin 4 becomes positive through resistance R2, which sounds the alarm.

3.5 HIGH SENSITIVE METAL DETECTOR

The circuit in High sensitive Metal detector works on the principle of detecting the amplitude of a waveform. This is called Amplitude Modulation. When a metal object is placed near the detecting coil, some of the magnetic flux passes into the object and creates a current called eddy-current. This uses-up some of the magnetic flux and thus less flux is available for the receiving secondary coil. This produces a lower output from the coil and causes the second transistor in the circuit to be turned OFF slightly and the voltage on the collector rises. This allows the third and fourth transistors to oscillate and pass a signal to the fifth transistor to drive a mini speaker.

24