Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

Name of work:-

PKN

1 Room size

6.00

2 R.C.C. supported Beam

0.30

300

mm

3 End bearing on wall

0.40

400

mm

4 Suer imposed load

2000

N/m

5 Concrete

10.00

Floor finishing

600

N/m

25000
13.33

N/m

mscbc

20
7

Grade
2
N/mm

Unit weight concrete

m

fy

415

N/mm2

Tensile stress

230

N/mm2

7 Nominal cover Slab

15

mm

Effective cover

20

mm

8 Nominal cover Beam

25

mm

Effective cover

35

mm

9 Reinfocement
Slab main

mm F

170

mm c/c

Slab Distribution

mm F

410

mm c/c

Beam main

25

mm F

2 lgde strirrups

mm F

300

6 Steel

3250
8 mm f @
8 mm f @

400
650

170
340
810

3500
10000 mm
mm c/c
mm c/c

Nos.
mm c/c

3250
8 mm F @
8 mm f @

875

875

410
170

mm c/c
mm c/c

810

400

650

100
mm
25 mm f
4 Nos.

440
600
700

440
300

700
300

(a) Section of the slab

2

400

Nos
25
4

25
mm f
Nos

mm f

2 x12 mm f top holding bars

8 mm F2 ldge srirrups @
300 mm c/c
300

330

330
6000
(b) L- Section of Beam

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

400

Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

1
2
3
4
5

Room size
R.C.C. supported Beam
End bearing on wall
External load
Concrete

6 Steel
7 Nominal Cover

6.00
0.30
0.40
2000
M 20
scbc
7
fy 415
15

x 10.00 mtr
m
mtr
N/m2
Floor finishing
Unit weight concrete
N/mm2
m
N/mm2
sst
mm

=
=
=
=
=
=

Effective cover

300
400
600
####
13.3
230
20

mm
mm
N/mm2
N/m3
N/mm2
mm

1 Solution :Let us keepend sapn of slab slightly less than the middle span so that approximately
(I) End span =
3.10 m (clear)
(II) middle span = 3.20 m (clear)
The clear span of each T Beam =
6.00 m while the R.C. slab monolithic with the
beam will be continous over the three span
Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars
Cocrete M =
20

sst =
scbc =
m

= 230 N/mm2
N/mm3
=
7
= 13.33
m*c

k=

m*c+sst
=
1 =
0.5 x

j=1-k/3
R=1/2xc x j x k

wt. of concrete

2
= 25000 N/mm

13.33
13.33 x

x
7

= 0.289

0.289

7 x

7
+

230

= 0.904

0.90 x

0.289 =

0.913

(A) Design of continous slab:let us assume total thickness of slab = 100 mm and effective thickness =
Effective span;the width of the supports is more than 1/12the clear span
.Effective end span =
clear span +1/2 effective slab=
3.10 + 0.04 =
Effective middle = = clear distance between supports
=
2 Caculcation of B.M. :Overall depth of slab
self weight of Slab =

=
x

Super imposed live load =

80

mm

3.14 m
3.20 m

100 mm, consider 1 mtre width of slab

1.00 x 0.10 x #### = 2500 N/m
Total = 2500 N/m
1
x 2000
= 2000 N/m

For end span

2
Md (near the center)= wd.L
12
Ms (Due to super
ws.L2
imposed load)=
10

1000

1000

2500 x
12
2000 x
10

3.14

2054083

N-mm

3.14

x 1000 =

1971920

N-mm

Total =

4026003

N-mm(+1)

1000 =

1066667

N-M (iii)

+ 1000 =

2560000

N-M (iv)

Total =

3626667

N-mm(+2)

1000 =

2464900

N-mm

x 1000 =

2464900

N-mm

Total =

4929800

N-mm(+3)

x 1000 =

For intermidiate span :wd.L2

x
1000
24
2
Ms (at interior supports ) wd.L
x
1000
12
At the supports next to end supports
wd.L2
Md (at the middle)=
x
1000
10
ws.L2
Ms =
x
1000
9
Md (at the middle)=

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

=
=

=
=

2500 x
24
2500 x
10
2500 x
10
2500 x
10

3.20

3.20

3.14

3.14

3 Design of section :The effective depth will be calculated on the basis of maximum bending moment
out of four value calculated above.
4929800
BM
Effective depth required
=
=
=
73
mm
Rxb
0.913 x 1000
= 26 for contin slab
k.c 100
0.289 x
7 x 100
For a balance section, % of reinforcement- For M-20 =
=
= 0.44 %
x
2. sst
2
230
Taking pt
= 0.25
% we get from fig 7.1 modification factore = 1.70
70 mm for end span
x
26
= 44.2 d = 3100 / 44.2 =
\ span / depth = 1.70
And d for inetrmidiate span =
3200 / 44.2 =
72 mm
4 = 81 mm
keep over all d =
73
+
20
= 100 effective d = 100 15 Since the diffences between various bending moments is not large, reinforcement found
for large will be provided for other moments also.
Let us check this depth from stiffness (deflection)point of view. Span /effective depth ratio

4 Main Reiforcement :The maximum bending moment in end span (1) in intermidiate span (2) and at the support
next to end support (3) are nearly equal. Hence same reinforcement will be provided in all span .
BM
4929800
Ast =
=
=
293
mm2
sst x j x D
230 x 0.904 x
81
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm f bars
A
=
=
= 50.2 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As
/A
=
1000 x
50 /
293 = 171.5
say = 171 mm
mm
F
bar,
Hence Provided
8
170 mm c/c middle of each span.
Bent up alternate bars from the bottom at a distance of L/5=
=
3140 /
5 = 620 mm from
center of intermidiate supports and at L/ 7 '=
3140 /
7=
450 mm from the end support.
Thus reinforcement available at each intermidiate support will be =
8 mm f bars @ 170 mm c/c
1000 x
50.2
296
Actual provided =
= 296 mm2 pt
=
x 100 = 0.300 %
170
1000 x 100
Distribution reinforcement:.12 xb xd
100
0.12 x 1000 x
Ast =
=
=
120
mm2
100
100
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8 mm f bars
A
=
=
= 50.2 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = = 1000 x As
/A
=
1000 x 50.2 /
120 = 418.7
say = 419 mm
the above pitch is less than 5 time depth of slab = 5xd =
500 mm
and also less than = 450 mm.
Hence provided =
8
mm bars @
410 mm c/c.
Check for shear :V = 0.4wd .L+0.45 ws .L at the outer supports
5966
0.4 x
2500 +
0.45 x
2000 )x 3.14 =
5966
V
tv
=
=
= 0.074 N/mm2
bxd
1000 x
81
100.As
100
x
148
=
= 0.18 % \ tc = 0.19 % For M
bxd
1000
x
81
than permissible value of tc =
Hence safe
0.074 <
0.19 N/mm2
v

=(

20

concrete

5 Check for devlopment length at supports:The code stipulates that at the diameter of bars should be such that
1.3xM1
L0 > Ld
the following Eq.is satisfied at the end of supports
=
+
V
0.5 x
v = 5966
where M
=
296 x
230 x 0.904 x
81 = 2491986
Side cover x'
=
25 mm is provided at side (end)
and the slab has a support of
=
400 mm width without providing any hook or bend
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

1.3 xM1
V

=(

400
2

25

)=

L0

1.3

f s st
4 tbd

Devlopment length Ld

= 45 F

Alternatively, Ld
Thus

=
=

=
M1
1.3x
V
718 >

175

mm

(with out providing any hook or bend)

2491986
5966
8
x
4
x( 1.6

175

230
x 0.8

45

L0

>

Ld

360

718 mm
= 359

mm

360 mm

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

(B) Design of T beam

Let width of web bw =
300 mm
Effective span =
6.40 m
lo
6400
bf =
+
bw
+
6Df =
+ 300 +
6
x 100 = 1967 mm
6
6
3
unit weight of slab =
0 N/m
1 load calculation per metre run
3.10
3.20
Load from slab = (wd+ws) x
+ 0.30 +
=( 2500 + 2000 )x 3.45 = 15525 N/m
2
2
Weight of web (assuming depth of rib)
= 300 mm
= 0.3 x 0.3 x 25000 = 2250 N/m
Total w
= 17775 N/m
2 Design of section
6.40 2
wL2 = 17775 x
M
=
91008000
kN-m
x 1000 =
8
8
2kcd-Df
for balance section, we have
M
= 0.45bf.c.Df
kc
2x 0.289 d- 100
or
= 0.45
x
1967 x
7
x 100
=
91008000
0.289
91008000
346.49
2
x 0.289 d- 100 =
0.45 x
1967 x
7.00
34649
49340
200 d = 14691 +
or
250
say
= 49340 /
200 =
247 mm
mm
3 Area of steel:Df
100 =
= 250
200
mm
2
2
0.9.d =
Alternatively a
=
0.9
x 250 = 225 mm
Adopt d
= 210 mm, for primilnary calculation.
BM
91008000
=
Area of steel,
Ast =
= 1884 mm2
230 x 210
sst xa
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 25 x 25
using 25 mm bars
A
=
=
= 491
4 x 100
4
x 100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
1884 / 491 = 3.84
say
=
4 No.
Hence Provided
4
bars of
25 mm F bar,
2
having,
Ast =
4
x 491 = 1963 mm
Area of steel =

Provide D =
Available d =

d-

300 mm keeping '=

300

25

25
8

mm nominal cover and using

25
/
2
= 255

mm2

8 mm f Ring
mm

4 Determination of actual N.A. and stress.:Thus the section is complete known However, we have determine the actual stress included
in section. To find the position of N.A., we have from Eq.
=
bf
x
Df
x(
n
- Df/2 )= m
x Ast x( d
n )
N.A.
= 1967
x
100 x (
n
50 )= 13.33 x 1963 x( 255 n )
9833333
196667
6670832
x
n
=
- 26160 n
196667
6670832
9833333
n
+ 26160.13 n
+
=
222827 =
n
= 16504165
/
74 mm thus, the N.A. falls in the flange.
N.A. falls in the flange, we have N.A .

bf / 2 x

Ast

x(

=
\

n =

= 6784 n2
2
or
b +b -4.a.c
2a
or
or
or
or
a.=

d-

Avrage stress in steel

corresponding stress In
concrete is given by

5 Check for Sheart:wl 17775

V=
2

n
=
3
m
=
Ast xa
t
x
m

1967
2
26.6
n

n2

= 13.33 x 1963 x( 255

n)

n
or n2+
- 6783.9
=
26.60 n
-6784
= 26.60 + 708 -4x 1.00 x
2 x
1
n
= 26.60 +( 708 - -27135.58729 )1/2
2
27843.33
n
= 26.60 +(
)1/2
2
x
1
n
= 26.60 + 167
2
n
=
140 /
2
= 70 mm
70
255
=
232
mm
3
91008000
=
200
Fail
N/mm2 > 73
1963 x
232
n
200
70
=
x
= 5.7 <
7
d-n
13.33
255 70

N
mm2

N
53325
V
=
= 0.7
bxd
300 x 255
mm2
100As
100 x 981
Assuming that at the ends,
2 bars will be bent up available =
= 1.28 %
bxd
300 x 255
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)for M 20 concrete, for 1.28 % steel = 0.42 N/mm2
Since tv >
tc
Shear reinforcement necessary
shear resistance of concrete V c=tc. Bd
= 0.42
255 = 32130 N
x 300 x

x
2

6.00

53325

N tv =

mm f bars, let us bend 2 bars at distance of 2 a = 2 x 232 mm

= 1.414 x 232 = 330 mm from the edge of the supports.
Area of cross -section of
bend up bars
2
3.14xdia2 =
3.14 x 25 x 25
= 491 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
2
Area of bent up bars
=
2
x 491 = 982 mm
Sin 45 = 0.707
Nos.bent up bars
2
vs = ssv . Asv . sin f
\ Shear resistance of
A
s
x
x sina =
sv
vs =
sv
230 x 982 x 0.71 = 159683 N
Out of 4

-25

subject to a max. of V / 2
26662.5
2
=
N
= 53325 /
than
the
S.F.
it
self.
Through
shear
resistance
of
concrete
(v 2 = tc. bd )
This is >
is additionally available, we will have to provide nominal shear stirrups.
using

8
using 8

3.14xdia2
4 x100
lgd stirrups area
=
2

mm f bars area
mm

the maximum spacing of stirrups is given by

Hence Provided 8

mm F 2 lgd stirrups, @

2.175 x Asv.x fy

=
x
=

3.14 x
4
50.2 =
2.18 x
300

8
x

8
= 50.2 mm2
100
100.4 mm2
100 x 415
= 302 mm

300 mm c/c throughout the length of beam.

6 check for development length at the end.

1.3xM1 +
L0
Ld
Ast available at end.=
>
V
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress at sst
"= Ast x s st x a
52359500
230 x 232
= 981
x
=
N-mm

The code requires that

M1
M1

981

mm2

53325 N
Alternatively, Ld = 45 F = 45 x 25 = 1125 mm
V
=
Let us assume the width of supports equal to
= 400 mm and a side cover x' 25 mm,
Assuming no hook provided
Ls
400
we have, Lo =(
x'
=
25
= 175
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
52359500
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 175 = 1451
mm
53325
V
Hence Code requirement are satisfied
= 1451 > 1125

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

Design of T-Beam Roof Slab

Name of work:-

PKN
3250

3500

8
400

mm f @
mm f @

650

170
340
810

3250

mm

10000

mm c/c
mm c/c

8
8

875

mm F @
mm f @
875

410
170
810

mm c/c
mm c/c

400

650
100

440

25
600

mm f
Nos.

300

440

200

700
300

(a) Section of the slab

400

Nos

25
25
4

mm f
mm f
Nos

2 x12 mm f top holding bars

8
300

400

mm F 2 ldge srirrups @
mm c/c
300

330

330
6000 mm

(b) L- Section of Beam

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

scbc N/mm2
m scbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

(a) sst =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

jc

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.89
0.732

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

(b) sst =
190
N/mm2
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

tc.max

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete
tbd (N / mm2)

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.14
0.17
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.19
0.21
0.2
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.2
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.29
0.22
0.3
0.23
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.36
0.25
0.37
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.4
0.26
0.41
0.27
0.42
0.27
0.43
0.27
0.44
0.28
0.45
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.48
0.29
0.49
0.29
0.5
0.30
0.51
0.30
0.52
0.30
0.53
0.30
0.54
0.30
0.55
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.57
0.31
0.58
0.31
0.59
0.31
0.6
0.32
0.61
0.32

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.17
0.14
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

Degree
10
15
16
17
18
19

Value of
sin
0.174
0.259
0.276
0.292
0.309
0.326

modification factore Table

200
250
328

% fy
0.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.35
1.30
1.30
1.25
1.25
1.20
1.18
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.11
1.11
1.11

angle
cos
0.985
0.966
0.961
0.956
0.951
0.946

tan
0.176
0.268
0.287
0.306
0.325
0.344

2.0
1.75
1.65
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.2
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.13
1.12
1.1
1.1
1.08
1.06
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02
1.01
1.00

2
1.85
1.75
1.65
1.5
1.4
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.2
1.16
1.13
1.1
1.1
1.07
1.05
1.03
1.01
1.0
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.87
0.86

0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

20
21
22
23
24
25
35
40
45
50
55
60
65

0.342
0.358
0.375
0.391
0.407
0.422
0.573
0.643
0.707
0.766
0.819
0.866
0.906

0.940
0.934
0.927
0.921
0.924
0.906
0.819
0.766
0.707
0.643
0.574
0.500
0.423

0.364
0.384
0.404
0.424
0.445
0.466
0.700
0.839
1.000
1.192
1.428
1.732
2.145

1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65

0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69

0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concreteM-10
-tbd (N / mm2)

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars

H.Y.S.D. Bars

Grade of
concrete

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

tbd (N / mm2)

kd = Ld F

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm 2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

Bending acbc
Direct (acc)
plain bars in tention (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

n factore Table
415

1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1.30
1.20
1.15
1.05
1.02
1.20
0.98
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.91
0.90
0.89
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81
0.81

500
2.00
1.80
1.65
1.50
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.20
1.16
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.90
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.81
0.80
0.79
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.73
0.72
0.72
0.72
0.71
0.71
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.69
0.69
0.68
0.68

00)
M-50
1.4
fs = 120 =fy200

2.0

fs =145 =fy250
fs =190 =fy328

1.6

fs =240 =fy415
fs = 290 =fy500

1.2
0.8
0.4

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Modification factore
Fig 7.1
Fs= steel stress of service load =0.58fy
for steeel
2
fy 500
= Fs 290 N/mm
2
fy 415
= Fs 240 N/mm
2
fy 328
= Fs 190 N/mm
2
fy 250
= Fs 145 N/mm
2
fy 207
= Fs 120 N/mm

2.4

2.8

3.2