THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING ECX4232 POWER SYSTEMS I ACADEMIC YEAR

2012/2013 Academic co-ordinator: Dr. KAC Udayakumar Course coordinator : Dr. KAC Udayakumar Contact Phone: (011) 2853 777 ext.481/ 628 E-mail kauda@ac.ou.lk Course Information The course consists of Three assignments #1, #2,and #3 (2nd, and 3rd assignments will be sent you latter). The assignments should be submitted on or before due dates. The late submission of the assignments will not be accepted. Two Continuous Assessment Tests (CAT): There will be two CAT on the dates specified in the activity diary and both of them are open book types Laboratory Experiments : There are two laboratory classes (compulsory) Day schools: There are three-day schools on the dates specified in the activity diary. Although day schools are not compulsory, you are advised to attend to these day schools. Final examination: This will be closed book type. The question paper will be of duration 3 hours. Syllabus of the course

Power generation methods Hydro, coal, nuclear etc. Combined cycle etc. Power generation from renewable sources, Non-conventional types of power generation, Power station practice, Station support auxiliaries, Substations-equipment, layout, etc. Circuit breakers - types, principles of operation, Isolators, CTs, PTs, reclosers Overhead lines Mechanical characteristics, Materials and construction, Distribution line construction and special features, Insulators and insulator strings Under ground cables Types construction features, installation, jointing etc. Power distribution Ring and radial feeders, Calculations of voltages and currents Analysis Symmetrical components, Per-unit representation Faults Analysis of symmetric faults, Analysis of unbalanced faults Protection Basic types of protection for generators, transmission lines, distribution systems, bus-bars, substations etc. Simple computations involving CTs and PTs

ASSIGNMENT 1 (to be submitted on or before 07th July 2012) Q1. (a). Write an essay on Electrical Power System in Sri Lanka. It should contain following sections i. Historical background ii. Power generation (capacity of power stations, their locations, future expansion) iii. Power/Energy consumption (daily load curve, maximum demand) iv. Transmission and distribution system (available voltage levels) v. Electrification of the country vi. Future challenges You need to word processed the essay and the maximum number of words should not be exceeded 2000.

Q2. (a). Figure Q1 shows the block schematic diagram of a small power system. Draw the single line diagram and circuit diagram of the system using appropriate symbols .
Generator step-up Transformer 500 kV double circuit Transmission line 500 kV double circuit Transmission line System

220 kV trnsmissionn line

Autotransformer

Reactor

step -down transformer Load at 11kV

Load at 11 kV

Capacitor bank

Figure Q1. Q3. A small town consists of three types of loads: domestic (S1), street lighting (S2) and industrial (S3). The variations of these loads during 24 hrs are shown in table T1. Power factors of loads S1, S2 and S3 are 0.95 (lag), 1 and 0.85 (lag) respectively. The power factors of the loads remain constant all the time. Table T1 2

Time (hrs) 0000-0200 0200-0400 0400-0500 0500-0600 0600-0700 0700-0900 0900-1000 1000-1100 1100-1200 1200-1300 1300-1400 1400-1600 1600-1700 1700-1800 1800-1900 1900-2000 2000-2100 2100-2200 2200-2300 2300-0000

S1 (kW) 100 100 100 50 100 200 600 1000 900 700 400 200

S2 (kW) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

S3 (kW) 300 400 700 1000 900 800 700 200 800 700 600 500 300 200 300 400 400 300

(a). Calculate the reactive powers required by the each of loads and apparent power of the town for the given time periods. (b). Draw the load curves (P = f(t)) of each of loads and total load. What is the maximum demand (Pmax) of the town? (c). Calculate the daily energy consumption. (d). Calculate the load factors of the loads and diversity factor of the system. Q4. Select one of the circuit breaker listed below (depending on your reg. number: Divide last digit of your reg. number by four and if remain is either zero or one or two or three then select (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) ) and write an essay. The essay should consist of operating principle, arc extinguishing mechanism, area of use, advantages and disadvantages of the breaker) i. Air Blast circuit breaker (divide ) ii. Minimum Oil circuit breaker iii. SF6 circuit breaker iv. Vacuum circuit breaker

Q5
(a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of AC transmission over DC

transmission?
(b) What is skin effect with relate to conductors and how it is taken in to account

(c) Certain conductor is named as ACSR 24/7. What ACSR is stand for? With the

help of necessary sketches explain the structure of this conductor

(d) Conductor arrangement of a 3-phase,50 Hz single circuit overhead transmission

line is shown in figure Q2. Diameter of conductor is 7.77 mm.

10 m 10 m

0.4 m

i. ii.

Figure Q2 Calculate geometric mean radius (GMR) and geometric mean distance (GMD) Determine per-phase per unit length inductance and capacitance (effect of the earth is neglected)