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D. Melanogaster Biology
Presented by:
Dr. Sharmila Bhattacharya
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NEMATODES AND INSECTS
UNIT 4.1
D. melanogaster Biology
Dr. Sharmila Bhattacharya
Vocabulary:
• Gene
• Genotype
• Gravitaxis
• Heterozygous
• Homozygous
• Invertebrate
• Phenotype
• Species
Purpose:
Drosophila melanogaster, is the classic organism for the study of animal genetics. It was
introduced to the lab early in the 20th century by Thomas Hunt Morgan. Mutant flies, with
defects in any of several thousand genes, are now used for the study of genetics,
development, behavior, and other topics.
Objectives:
a) Describe the basic characteristics of Drosophila Melanogaster “D. melanogaster.”
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Basic Characteristics
Size:
Adults Stats
3mm;
Eggs
0.5mm
Diet:
Rotten fruit Reproduction:
‘Omics Life cycle: Females can
2-8 weeks lay up to 100
eggs in one day
Genome size: 180 Mb Development:
Chromosomes: 10 days from
3 autosomes, plus X and Y fertilization to
Number of genes: adult
~13,639 predicted
Average gene: 3 kb,
4 exons per gene
Proteins: 77% have a
match with other The Scientist, June 2, 2003
organisms
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NEGATIVE GRAVITAXIS
Gravitaxic Maze
Close-Up of Vertical
Choice Point
Several Mazes In
Operation
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7
The mazes
5 vertical
measure a
3
response to 1
gravity 0 10 20 30
25
20
15
horizontal
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5 CG12758
isolated
5 otk
0 10 20 30 40
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Gravitaxic Mutation X = gm X*
SM5, Cyo= Balancer chromosome marked with curly
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Behavior
• Little past data from behavior in space, but consistent with increased
movement in microgravity; gravity-effect seems to be a continuum.
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o Aging: Studies in the past show some indication that space flights
affect aging in fruit flies - Needs further experimentation.
In Summary So Far
• Flies have useful mutants related to gravity and behavior that we can
study (genetic system).
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NEMATODES AND INSECTS
Conclusions
• Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful research tool.
• There is still much that we need to know about the effects of gravity on living
organisms.
• Flies occupy little space, air, and their food consumption is low; large populations can
be maintained; multiple generations can be studied; and there is conservation of
essential processes with other animals including mammals.
Reference Materials
The following online resources are available for more information about Drosophila
Melanogaster:
Flybase:
http://www.flybase.bio.indiana.edu
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Notes:
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