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The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court and guardian of the Constitution. Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution of India lay down the composition and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India. The Supreme Court is meant to be the last resort and highest appellate court which takes up appeals against judgments of the High Courts of the states and territories. Also, disputes between states or petitions involving a serious infringement of fundamental and human rights are usually brought directly to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court of India held its inaugural sitting on 28 January 1950, and since then has delivered more than 24,000 reported judgments.
Established Jurisdiction
26 January 1950 India New Delhi 28.622237N 77.239584E Executive selection (Qualifications imposed)
Contents
1 Constitution of the court 2 The Supreme Court Building and its Architecture 3 Composition 4 Jurisdiction 4.1 Original jurisdiction 4.2 Appellate jurisdiction 4.3 Advisory jurisdiction 5 Judicial independence 5.1 Powers to punish contempt 6 Jammu and Kashmir 7 Landmark judgements: Judiciary-Legislature confrontations 7.1 Land reform (early confrontation) 7.2 Other laws deemed unconstitutional 7.2.1 Response from Parliament 7.2.2 Counter-response from the Supreme Court 8 Emergency and Government of India 8.1 Post-1980: an assertive Supreme Court
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Authorized by Constitution of India Decisions are President of India for Clemency/Commutation of appealed to sentence Judge term length Number of positions Website 65 years of age
31 (30+1)
Whence dharma, thence victory. Chief Justice of India Currently Since S. H. Kapadia 2010-05-12
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Supreme Court Supreme Court of India - Wikipedia, the ends 8.2 Recent important cases 9 Corruption and misconduct of judges Jurist term 9.1 Senior judges ends 9.2 Senior government officials 10 Sitting judges of the court 10.1 Honourable Chief Justice 10.2 Honourable Judges 11 Past Chief Justices of India 12 See also 13 References 14 External links
Republic of India
Politics and Government of India Union Government Constitution of India Fundamental Rights Executive
President Vice President Prime Minister The Cabinet
Parliament
Rajya S abha The Chairman Lok S abha The Speaker
Judiciary Supreme Court of India Chief Justice of India High Courts District Courts Elections Election Commission Chief Election Commissioner Political Parties National Parties State Parties National Coalitions Left Front National Democratic Alliance (NDA) United Progressive Alliance (UPA)
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building in 1958. The building is shaped to project the image of scales of justice with the Central Wing of the building corresponding to the centre beam of the Scales. In 1979, two new wingsthe East Wing and the West Wingwere added to the complex. In all there are 15[1] court rooms in the various wings of the building. The Chief Justice's Court is the largest of the courtroom located in the centre of the Central Wing. It has a large dome with a high ceiling.
(UPA) Local & State Govt. Governor State Legislature Vidhan Sabha Vidhan Parishad Panchayat Gram panchayat Panchayat samiti Zilla Parishad
Other countries
Composition
As originally enacted, the Constitution of India provided for a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and seven lower-ranking Judgesleaving it to Parliament to increase this number. In the early years, a full bench of the Supreme Court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the Court increased and cases began to accumulate, Parliament increased the number of Judges from the original eight in 1950 to eleven in 1956, fourteen in 1960, eighteen in 1978, twenty-six in 1986 and thirty-one in 2008. As the number of the Judges has increased, they have sat in smaller Benches of two or three (referred to as a Division Bench)coming together in larger Benches of five or more (referred to as a Constitutional Bench) only when required to settle fundamental questions of law. Any bench may refer the case under consideration up to a larger bench if the need to do so arises.
The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice of India and not more than thirty other Judges appointed by the Supreme Court of India President of India. However, the President must appoint judges in consultation with the Supreme Court, and appointments are generally made on the basis of seniority and not political preference. Supreme Court Judges retire at the age of 65. In order to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for at least five years, a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an Advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession for at least ten years, or the person must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist. Provisions exist for the appointment of a Judge of a High Court as an ad-hoc Judge of the Supreme Court and for retired Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as Judges of that Court. The Supreme Court has always maintained a wide regional representation. It also has had a good share of Judges belonging to religious and ethnic minorities. The first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court was Justice Fatima Beevi in 1987. She was later followed by Justices Sujata Manohar, Ruma Pal and Gyan Sudha Mishra. Justice Ranjana Desai, who was elevated from the Bombay High Court is the most recent woman judge in the Supreme Court, so that for the first time there were two women (Mishra and Desai) simultaneously in the Supreme Court. In 2000 Justice K. G. Balakrishnan became the first judge from the dalit community. In 2007 he also became the first dalit Chief Justice of India. Justices B. P. Jeevan Reddy and A. R. Lakshmanan were appointed Chairmen of the Law Commission of India, unusually because neither of them had served as Chief Justice. Justice J. S. Kehar is
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Jurisdiction
The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction under Articles 32, 131-144 of the Constitution.
Original jurisdiction
The court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends. In addition, Article 32 of the Constitution grants an extensive original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court in regard to enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari to enforce them.
Appellate jurisdiction
The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Articles 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in respect of any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases, involving substantial questions of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. The Supreme Court can also grant special leave under article 136(1) to appeal from a judgment or order of any non-military Indian court. Parliament has the power to enlarge the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and has exercised this power in case of criminal appeals by enacting the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970. Appeals also lie to the Supreme Court in civil matters if the High Court concerned certifies : (a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance, and (b) that, in the opinion of the High Court, the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court. In criminal cases, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court if the High Court (a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years, or (b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any Court subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years, or (c) certified that the case is a fit one for appeal to the Supreme Court. Parliament is authorised to confer on the Supreme Court any further powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court.
Advisory jurisdiction
The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution.There are provisions for reference or appeal to this Court under Article 317(1) of the Constitution, Section 257 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, Section 7(2) of the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Section 130-A of the Customs Act, 1962, Section 35-H of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944 and Section 82C of the Gold (Control) Act, 1968. Appeals also lie to the Supreme Court under the Representation of the People Act, 1951, Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969, Advocates Act, 1961, Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, Customs Act, 1962, Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944, Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction Act, 1970, Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities Act, 1992, Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 and Consumer Protection Act, 1986. Election Petitions under Part III of the Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections Act, 1952 are also filed
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directly in the Supreme Court. Under Order XL of the Supreme Court Rules the Supreme Court may review its judgment or order but no application for review is to be entertained in a civil proceeding except on the grounds mentioned in Order XLVII, Rule 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure and in a criminal proceeding except on the ground of an error apparent on the face of the record. = The Supreme Court has the power to transfer the cases from one High Court to another and even from one District Court of a particular state to another District Court of the other state. In such transfer cases the Hon'ble Supreme Court transfer only those cases if they really lack appropriate territorial jurisdiction and those cases which were otherwise supposed to be filed under the
Judicial independence
The Constitution seeks to ensure the independence of Supreme Court Judges in various ways. Judges are generally appointed on the basis of seniority and not on political preference. A Judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the President passed after an address in each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting, and presented to the President in the same Session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. The salary and allowances of a judge of the Supreme Court cannot be reduced after appointment. A person who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practising in any court of law or before any other authority in India.
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redistribution. The Supreme Court countered these amendments in 1967 when it ruled in Golaknath v. State of Punjab[5] that Parliament did not have the power to abrogate fundamental rights, including the provisions on private property.[6]
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brooding spirit of the law, to the intelligence of a future day, when a later decision may possibly correct the error into which the dissenting Judge believes the court to have been betrayed.[8] It is believed that before delivering his dissenting opinion, Justice Khanna had mentioned to his sister: I have prepared my judgment, which is going to cost me the Chief Justice-ship of India." [9] When the central Government is to recommend one of Supreme court Judges for the post of Chief Justice in January 1977,Justice Khanna was superseded despite being the most senior judge at the time and thereby Government broke the convention of appointing only the senior most judge to the position of Chief Justice of India. In fact, it was felt that the other judges may have gone along for this very reason. Justice Khanna remains a legendary figure among the legal fraternity in India for this decision. The New York Times, wrote of this opinion: "The submission of an independent judiciary to absolutist government is virtually the last step in the destruction of a democratic society; and the Indian Supreme Court's decision appears close to utter surrender." During the emergency period, the government also passed the 39th amendment, which sought to limit judicial review for the election of the Prime Minister; only a body constituted by Parliament could review this election.[10] The court tamely agreed with this curtailment (1975), despite the earlier Keshavanand decision. Subsequently, the parliament, with most opposition members in jail during the emergency, passed the 42nd Amendment which prevented any court from reviewing any amendment to the constitution with the exception of procedural issues concerning ratification. A few years after the emergency, however, the Supreme court rejected the absoluteness of the 42nd amendment and reaffirmed its power of judicial review in the Minerva Mills (http://openarchive.in/judis/4488.htm) case (1980). As a final act during the emergency, in what Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer has called "a stab on the independence of the High Court",[7] judges were moved helter-skelter across the country, in concurrence with Chief Justice Beg.
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Among the important pronouncements of the Supreme Court post 2000 is the Coelho case (I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (Judgment of 11the January, 2007). A unanimous Bench of 9 judges reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine. An authority on the Indian Constitution, former Attorney-General Soli Sorabjee commented on the judgment, "The judgment in I.R. Coelho vigorously reaffirms the doctrine of basic structure. Indeed it has gone further and held that a constitutional amendment which entails violation of any fundamental rights which the Court regards as forming part of the basic structure of the Constitution then the same can be struck down depending upon its impact and consequences. The judgment clearly imposes further limitations on the constituent power of Parliament with respect to the principles underlying certain fundamental rights. The judgment in Coelho has in effect restored the decision in Golak Nath regarding non-amendability of the Constitution on account of infraction of fundamental rights, contrary to the judgment in Kesavananda Bharatis case. Another important decision was of the five-judge Bench in Ashoka Kumara Thakur v. Union of India; where the constitutional validity of Central Educational Institutions (Reservations in Admissions) Act, 2006 was upheld, subject to the "creamy layer" criteria. Importantly, the Court refused to follow the 'strict scrutiny' standards of review followed by the United States Supreme Court. At the same time, the Court has applied the strict scrutiny standards in Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India (2007) ([2] (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=1246892) ) In Aravalli Golf Course and other cases, the Supreme Court (particularly Justice Markandey Katju) has expressed reservations about taking on an increasingly activst role. In extraordinary situations where corruption in allotment of mobile licenses has caused an estimated astronomical loss of Rs 1,76,000 crores, a Bench comprising Justices G S Singhvi and A K Ganguly told CBI to inform who the beneficiaries and conspirators in parking funds in foreign bank accounts were.[11] The government refused to disclose details of about 18 Indians holding accounts in LGT Bank, Liechtenstein, evoking a sharp response from a Bench comprising Justices B Sudershan Reddy and S S Nijjar to Make up your mind whether you can make the disclosure. The Solicitor General of India replied that it will be done at the appropriate stage.[11][12][13]
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Senior judges
Supreme Court Bench, Justice B N Agrawal, Justice V S Sirpurkar and Justice G S Singhvi : "We are not giving the certificate that no judge is corrupt. Black sheep are everywhere. It's only a question of degree."[17][18] Supreme Court Judge, Justice Agarwal: "What about the character of politicians, lawyers and the society? We come from the same corrupt society and do not descend from heaven. But it seems you have descended from heaven and are, therefore, accusing us."[54] Supreme Court Bench, Justice Arijit Pasayat, Justice V S Sirpurkar and Justice G S Singhvi : "The time has come because people have started categorising some judges as very honest despite it being the foremost qualification of any judge. It is the system. We have to find the mechanism to stem the rot"[55] "Has the existing mechanism become outdated? Should with some minor modification, the mechanism could still be effective?" Supreme Court Bench, Justice Justice G S Singhvi : "The rot has set in." The judges appeared to be in agreement with senior advocate Anil Devan and Solicitor General G. E. Vahanvati who, citing the falling standards, questioned the desirability of keeping the immunity judges have from prosecution.[56][57]
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of the matter is that the judiciary is the only unique institution that has no accountability to the people in a democracy. In this overall context, it is absolutely essential to involve outside elements in the process of judicial accountability."[59] Additional Solicitor General, G. E. Vahanvati: At a Delhi High Court hearing "Declaration of assets by judges to the CJI are personal information which cannot be revealed under the present RTI and the same should be amended accordingly."[60] "It is submitted that the information which is sought (pertaining to judges assets) is purely and simply personal information, the disclosure of which has no relationship to any public activity"[61][62] Pranab Mukherjee: "Constructive criticism should be encouraged." He joined the chorus on judicial delays that has resulted in people taking law into their own hands. He underlined the need for strengthening judicial infrastructure.[63]
Honourable Judges
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Hon'ble Shri Justice Altamas Kabir Hon'ble Shri Justice Dalveer Bhandari Hon'ble Shri Justice D. K. Jain Hon'ble Shri Justice P. Sathasivam Hon'ble Shri Justice G. S. Singhvi Hon'ble Shri Justice Aftab Alam Hon'ble Shri Justice Cyriac Joseph Hon'ble Shri Justice Asok Kumar Ganguly Hon'ble Shri Justice R. M. Lodha Hon'ble Shri Justice H. L. Dattu Hon'ble Shri Justice Deepak Verma Hon'ble Dr. Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan Hon'ble Shri Justice A. K. Patnaik Hon'ble Shri Justice T. S. Thakur Hon'ble Shri Justice K. S. P. Radhakrishnan Hon'ble Shri Justice Surinder Singh Nijjar Hon'ble Shri Justice Swatanter Kumar Hon'ble Shri Justice Chandramouli Kumar Prasad Hon'ble Shri Justice H. L. Gokhale Hon'ble Smt. Justice Gyan Sudha Misra Hon'ble Shri Justice A. R. Dave Hon'ble Shri Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya Hon'ble Smt Justice Ranjana Desai
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24. Hon'ble Shri Justice J. S. Khehar 25. Hon'ble Shri Justice Dipak Misra 26. Hon'ble Shri Justice Jasti Chelameswar
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See also
Attorney General of India Solicitor General of India
References
1. ^ http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/constitution.htm 2. ^ Maha minister gets jail for contempt (http://www.ibnlive.com/news/maha-minister-gets-jail-for-contempt/100384.html) 3. ^ "Maharashtra Minister gets one-month jail term" (http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/11/stories/2006051116320100.htm) . News. Thursday, May 11, 2006. http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/11/stories/2006051116320100.htm. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 4. ^ "Maha minister gets jail for contempt" (http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maha-minister-gets-jail-for-contempt/100384.html) . News. Thursday, May 11, 2006. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maha-minister-gets-jail-for-contempt/100384.html. Retrieved November 30, 2011. 5. ^ [1] (http://openarchive.in/judis/2449.htm) 6. ^ Free Supreme Court Judgements (http://www.supremecourt.manupatra.com) 7. ^ a b V R Krishna Iyer (2000-06-27). "Emergency -- Darkest hour in India's judicial history" (http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/20000627/ina27053.html) . The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/20000627/ina27053.html. Retrieved 2007-09-16. 8. ^ a b Jos. Peter D 'Souza (June 2001). "A.D.M. Jabalpur vs Shukla: When the Supreme Court struck down the Habeas Corpus" (http://www.pucl.org/reports/National/2001/habeascorpus.htm) . PUCL Bulletin. http://www.pucl.org/reports/National/2001/habeascorpus.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-16. 9. ^ Anil B. Divan (15 March 2004). "Cry Freedom" (http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php? content_id=42937) . The Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?content_id=42937. Retrieved 2007-09-16. 10. ^ Ramachandra Guha. India after Gandhi: The history of the world's largest democracy. Macmillan/Picador, 2007. p. 500. 11. ^ a b http://www.indianexpress.com/news/thrillers-in-the-supreme-court/749402/0 12. ^ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-02-11/india/28541511_1_names-of-foreign-bank-lgt-bank-blackmoney 13. ^ http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-01-26/news/28425995_1_black-money-liechtenstein-s-lgtbank-accounts-in-tax-havens 14. ^ Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal 15. ^ Ex-chief justice under corruption panel scanner (http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx? id=3a1e5636-0e74-45da-a271-326c51d2fb23&&Headline=Ex-chief+justice+under+corruption+panel+scanner) , Hindustan Times, New Delhi, June 09,2008 16. ^ Judicial probe sought in Ghaziabad PF scam (http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx? sectionName=&id=e88277f8-3e32-473d-b99cb17aa2e09e8a&MatchID1=4728&TeamID1=2&TeamID2=3&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1191&PrimaryID=4728&Headline , Hindustan Times, New Delhi, July 07,2008 17. ^ a b Black sheep could be in judiciary too, admits Supreme Court (http://www.nerve.in/news:253500154207) , Nerve News India 18. ^ a b Black sheep could be in judiciary too, admits Supreme Court (http://feeds.bignewsnetwork.com/index.php? sid=391098) , 6 August 2008 19. ^ SC judge withdraws from Uttar Pradesh PF scam hearing (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Even_God_cannot_save_this_country_Supreme_Court_/rssarticleshow/3330091.cms) , The Economic Times, 8 Aug, 2008 20. ^ PF scam: Apex court judge withdraws after charges (http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php? autono=330823) , Business Standard, 9 August 2008
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21. ^ Apex court judge abandons graft case hearing against judiciary (http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20080807/812/tnlapex-court-judge-abandons-graft-case.html) , Yahoo India News, 7 August 2008 22. ^ Apex court judge abandons graft case hearing against judiciary (http://www.nerve.in/news:253500154908) , 7 August 2008 23. ^ Sound and fury in SC: Judge pulls out of PF scam hearing (http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3339200.cms) , The Times of India, 8 Aug 2008 24. ^ Shameful first: CBI to question two HC Judges (http://ibnlive.in.com/news/shameful-first-cbi-to-question-twohc-judges/73211-3.html) , IBN Live, 9 September 2008 25. ^ In India, even God is helpless, says SC (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Even_God_cannot_save_this_country_Supreme_Court_/rssarticleshow/3330091.cms) , The Times of India, 5 Aug 2008 26. ^ Even God can't save this country: SC (http://www.business-standard.com/general/storypage_general.php? &autono=330593) , Business Standard, 9 August 2008 27. ^ Even God cannot save this country: Supreme Court! (http://www.inewsindia.com/2008/08/05/even-god-cannotsave-this-country-supreme-court/) , I News India, 5 August 2008 28. ^ SC says even God will not be able to save this country (http://in.news.yahoo.com/139/20080805/808/tnl-scsays-even-god-will-not-be-able-to.html) , Yahoo India News, 5 August 2008 29. ^ Judicial Corruption Fuels Impunity, Corrodes Rule of Law (http://209.85.175.104/search? q=cache:pWATOPh9wrwJ:tiindia.in/data/files/Press%2520Release%2520on%2520GCR%25202007.pdf+transparency+international&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&gl=in&client=firefox-a) , Transparency International, Press Release, 24 May 2007 30. ^ Indolence in Indias Judiciary (http://www.karmayog.org/anticorruption/upload/6733/GCR2007ChateronIndia.doc.http://209.85.175.104/search? q=cache:SJgIPp91q08J:www.karmayog.org/anticorruption/upload/6733/GCR2007ChateronIndia.doc+indolence+in+India+jud a) 31. ^ Corrupt judges of India, e Voice Of Human Rights Watch e-news weekly (http://groups.google.co.in/group/hrwepaper/web/corruption-police-judges-india) , 21 July 2007 32. ^ Judicial Accountability (http://indian-reflections.blogspot.com/2008_05_18_archive.html) , May 2008 33. ^ SC evasive on asset declaration by judges (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/SC_evasive_on_asset_declaration_by_judges/articleshow/2949631.cms) , The Times of India, 14 April 2008 34. ^ CIC to decide if details of judges' assets covered under RTI (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/CIC_to_decide_if_details_of_judges_assets_covered_under_RTI/articleshow/359919 , The Times of India, 15 October 2008 35. ^ No rules for judges to declare assets: CIC (http://in.news.yahoo.com/32/20081016/1053/tnl-no-rules-for-judgesto-declare-asset_1.html) , Yahoo India News, 16 October 2008 36. ^ Can`t reveal details of judges` assets under RTI: SC to CIC (http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp? aid=481263&sid=NAT) , Zee News. Com, 6 November 2008 37. ^ Judges wealth info cant be shared (http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx? sectionName=&id=78e1bb25-881e-4042-9f3f42a7ceb85ae6&MatchID1=4816&TeamID1=6&TeamID2=1&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1212&PrimaryID=4816&Headline , Hindustan Times, 6 November 2008 38. ^ Judges asset declaration before CJI not for public eye: SC to CIC (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/judgesasset-declaration-before-cji-not.../381980/) , Indian Express, 6 November 2008 39. ^ The case of judicial injustice (http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19990331/iex31074.html) , Indian Express, 31 March 1999 40. ^ The secret club of judges (http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/20000423/ied20044.html) , Indian Express, Sunday, 23 April 2000 41. ^ Not above the Law (http://www.rti.org.in/Documents/NewsLetters/RTI%20TIMES%20SEPTEMBER-2007.pdf) , Times of India Editorial, 24 September 2007 42. ^ Political affiliations considered in appointment of judges (http://www.rtiindia.org/forum/1759-political-affiliationsconsidered-appointment-judges.html) , RTI India.org, 23 October 2007 43. ^ Do India's judges have something to hide? (http://www.upiasia.com/Politics/2008/05/13/do_indias_judges_have_something_to_hide/6108/) UPI Asia.com, 13
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55.
56.
May 2008 ^ Should chief justice come under RTI? (http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx? id=NEWEN20080047353&ch=4/19/2008%2011:20:00%20PM) , NDTV.com, 19 April 2008 ^ RTI Act does not apply to my office: CJI (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2964678.cms) , The Times of India, 20 April 2008 ^ Judiciary comes under RTI ambit (http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Judiciary-comes-under-RTI-ambitsays-House-panel/303342/) , says House Panel, The Financial Express, 30 April 2008 ^ Judges accountability under RTI Act "debatable" says CJI (http://chennaionline.com/colnews/newsitem.asp? NEWSID={F4ED3FE1-C0D7-4215-AE50-039D75C5B4F4}&CATEGORYNAME=natl) , Chennaionline, New Delhi, 10 May 2008 ^ Is the CJI a public servant? (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2969521.cms) , The Times of India, 22 April 2008 ^ I am a public servant: CJI (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/3013416.cms) , The Times of India, 6 May 2008 ^ a b Delayed justice leading to lynching mobs: Pratibha (http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2808523.cms) , The Times of India, 24 February 2008 ^ Manmohan Singh calls for check on corruption in judiciary (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/worldnews/manmohan-singh-calls-for-check-on-corruption-in-the-judiciary_10039700.html) , Thaindian News, 19 April 2008 ^ Pass Judges (Inquiry) Bill in next session, panel tells Govt. (http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp? aid=473145&sid=NAT) , Zee News, India Edition, 30 September 2008 ^ Bill for probe panel against errant judges cleared (http://www.igovernment.in/site/Bill-for-probe-panel-againsterrant-judges-cleared/) , iGovernment, 10 October 2008 ^ Lawyer-judge showdown in Supreme Court (http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx? sectionName=WorldSectionPage&id=d8a5f2f0-d33f-49a0-9b450b1bcb9d08e7&MatchID1=4924&TeamID1=4&TeamID2=2&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1244&PrimaryID=4924&Headlin judge+showdown+in+Supreme+Court) , Hindustan Times, 7 August 2008 ^ UP cops want CBI probe against 34 judges (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/File_UP_cops_want_CBI_probe_against_34_judges/articleshow/3464634.cms) , The Times of India, 10 September 2008 ^ UP cops want CBI probe against 34 judges (http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/UP_cops_want_CBI_probe_against_34_judges/articleshow/3464634.cms) , 10 September 2008, The Times of India ^ Stemming rot: Judges dont need complete immunity, says CJI (http://www.judicialreforms.org/files/stemming_rot_toi.pdf) , 10 September 2008, The Times of India ^ a b Judiciary should encourage fair criticism: Pranab (http://humanrightsindia.blogspot.com/2008_02_01_archive.html) , 25 February 2008 ^ Speaker expresses surprise over CJI's reported stand on hearing Teesta Setalvad (http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/25/stories/2008022553781200.htm) , The Hindu, 25 February 2008 ^ Supreme Court judges ready to declare assets, but with riders (http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Supreme-Court-judges-ready-to-declare-assets-but-withriders/rssarticleshow/4278163.cms) - Politics/Nation-News - The Economic Times ^ Supreme Court judges ready to declare assets, but with riders (http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cpdocumentid=2061219) - National News MSN India - News ^ Supreme Court judges ready to declare assets, but with riders (http://www.newkerala.com/nkfullnews-15007.html) , NewKerala - India 's Top Online Newspaper ^ Judiciary should encourage constructive criticism (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/judiciaryshould-encourage-constructive-criticism-mukherjee_10020775.html) , Thaindian News, 24 February 2008 ^ "Chief Justice of India and sitting Judges (http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/new_s/judge.htm) ." Supreme Court of India. Accessed 3 November 2008.
External links
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Official website (http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/) Text of all Indian Supreme Court judgments on CommonLII (http://www.commonlii.org/in/cases/INSC/) Joginder Kumar Vs State Of Up, 1994, Habeas Corpus (http://ipc498a.wordpress.com/2007/09/23/magna-carta-and-joginder-kumar-vs-state-of-up/) Basic Structure of Constitution (http://www.humanrightsinitiative.org/publications/const/the_basic_structure_of_the_indian_constitution.pdf) Latest Supreme Court judgments (http://www.scjudgments.com/) Latest Judgments of Supreme Court and All the High Courts of India (http://lawmirror.com/) Judgments of the Supreme Court of India (http://vlex.com/source/1972/) OpenJudis - Free Database of Supreme Court cases from 1950 (http://judis.openarchive.in/) India Law Articles (http://vlex.com/source/1878/) Indian Supreme Court Cases / Judgements / Legislation / Case Law (http://www.rishabhdara.com/) Discussion on finality of Supreme Court of India judgements on HindustanTimes (http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1780397,000600010001.htm) Justice B.N. Srikrishna, "Skinning a Cat", (2005) 8 SCC (Jour) 3, available at http://www.ebcindia.com/lawyer/articles/2005_8_3.htm (a critique of judicial activism in India). Satellite picture by Google Maps (http://maps.google.com/maps? ll=28.622237,77.239584&q=28.622237,77.239584&spn=0.002208,0.00537&t=h) / Environmental Cases in Supreme Court (http://www.forestcaseindia.org) Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Court_of_India&oldid=466562103" Categories: Supreme Court of India National supreme courts
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