TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS II

Mobile Phone

Oleh : Muhammad Zainul Abidin (103112702650017)

FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMATIKA TELEKOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS NASIONAL 2012

Mobile phone
A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio linkwhilst moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to thepublic telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 1 kg.In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. In the twenty years from 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 5.6 billion, penetrating the developing economies and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid

History
Radiophones have a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through theSecond World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s. The first mobile telephone call made from a car occurred in St. Louis, Missouri, USA on June 17, 1946, using the Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service. In 1956, the worlds first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A (MTA), was launched in Sweden. MTA phones were composed of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a weight of 40 kg.

Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive is considered to be the inventor of the first practical mobile phone for handheld use in a non-vehicle setting, after a long race against Bell Labs for the first portable mobile phone. Using a modern, if somewhat heavy portable handset, Cooper made the first call on a handheld mobile phone on April 3, 1973 to his rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. New York, Martin Cooper rivaled with Bell LAbs to create the first mobile phone.So when Cooper beat them to it, he made sure that his first call

was to the chief competitor of Bell Labs.He stated "As I walked down the street while talking on the phone, sophisticated New Yorkers gaped at the sight of someone actually moving around while making a phone call. Remember that in 1973, there weren't cordless telephones or cellular phones. I made numerous calls, including one where I crossed the street while talking to a New York radio reporter - probably one of the more dangerous things I have ever done in my life.The new invention sold for an expensive price of $3,995 and weighed two pounds, receiving the nickname "the brick". The DynaTAc mobile phone cost $100m in development costs, and took over a decade to hit the market.[12] When it did hit the market on March 6, 1983,the talk time was only a half an hour and took ten hours to charge. Despite the horrible battery life, weight, and low talk time, that didn't keep down consumer demands. The waiting lists were in thousands

Features
All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years. The common components found on all phones are:

A battery, providing the power source for the phone functions. An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a keypad, but touch screens are also found in some high-end smartphones. Basic mobile phone services to allow users to make calls and send text messages. All GSM phones use a SIM card to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some CDMA devices also have a similar card called a R-UIM. Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number.

Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as feature phones, and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications became known as smartphones. Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the RIM BlackBerry focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the SonyEricsson Walkman series of musicphones and Cybershot series of cameraphones; the Nokia Nseries of multimedia phones, the Palm Pre the HTC Dream and the Apple iPhone.

Text messaging
The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000. Mobile news services are expanding with many organizations providing "on-demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed out by SMS.

SIM card
GSM feature phones require a small microchip called a Subscriber Identity Module or SIM Card, to function, while smartphones can be used without it. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores theservice-subscriber key (IMSI) used to identify a subscriber on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device. The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker Giesecke & Devrient for the Finnish wireless network operator Radiolinja. Giesecke & Devrient sold the first 300 SIM cards to Elisa (ex. Radiolinja).

Multi-card hybrid phones

A hybrid mobile phone can take more than one SIM card, even of different types. The SIM and RUIM cards can be mixed together, and some phones also support three or four SIMs. From 2010 onwards they became popular in India and Indonesia and other emerging markets, attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest on-net calling rate. In Q3 2011, Nokia shipped 18 million of its low cost dual SIM phone range in an attempt to make up lost ground in the higher end smartphone market.

Mobile phone operators

The world's largest individual mobile operator by subscribers is China Mobile with over 500 million mobile phone subscribers. Over 50 mobile operators have over 10 million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009. In February 2010, there were 5.6 billion mobile phone subscribers, a number that is expected to grow.

Kinds of Mobile Phones

General Information Released Dimensi Berat / Volume Warna System 2 G Network 3 G Network CPU Type CPU Speed Sistem Operasi Type GUI Version Memory Memory Eksternal Memory Memory Included Phone Book Call Records Memory Option Display Jenis Layar / Warna Resolusi Layar Ukuran layar Layar Tambahan Qwerty Keyboard Touch Screen Opsi Layar & Input method Camera Main Camera resolution Secondary Camera Video Recording Camera Feature Audio and Multimedia Ringtones Speaker phone Radio Support Audio & Multimedia Option Netword Data and Conectivity HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS / HSDPA /HSUPA WLAN - Wi-Fi Bluetooth Infrared USB Data Cable Included Messaging and Office Productivity Messaging WAP Browser Java Email Client

2011, 3Q, [08] September 2011, Q4, [07] September 112.5x62.2x14 mm 155 gram / 98 cc Black GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 HSDPA 2100 624 MHz processor 624 BlackBerry OS

1 GB storage, 128 MB RAM microSD (TransFlash) Maximum Capacity : 16000 8000 Yes, Photocall Yes

TFT Capacitive Touchscreen, 65 ribu warna 360 x 480 pixels 3.25 inch No Yes - Accelerometer sensor for auto-rotate 3.15 MP [ 2048 x 1536 pixels ] No Yes, QVGA LED flash, autofocus, Geo-tagging, image stabilization Vibration; Downloadable polyphonic, MP3 ringtones No - 3.5 mm stereo output jack

Yes Class 10, 236.8 kbps HSDPA 2.0 No 2.0

SMS, MMS, Email, Instant Messaging No

Feature

Games GPS Support Battery and Power management Battery Tipe Battery Amperage Batery Option Standby Time 2G / 3G

Yes - BlackBerry maps - Document editor (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF) - Media player MP3/WMA/AAC - Video player MPEG4/3gp/H.264/WMV - Organizer - Voice dial - Voice memo Yes downloadable Yes, with A-GPS support Lithium ion, Standar Battery [ ] 1400 mAh Standard battery, Li-Ion 1400 mAh 15 days 0 hours | 0 days 0 hours

Types of Mobile Phones

Due to its utility, necessity and affordability, mobile phone is one of the most ubiquitous gadgets that one finds in the world. From Sony Ericsson to Nokia, Motorola, Apple,Samsung, LG, HTC and every other mobile phone manufacturer comes out with its own range of offerings with something new, something different and something unexpected being always the high point. And with the value added features varying from music/sound capabilities to web browsing abilities dominating user's choice, the voice call function seems to have taken more of a back seat. But not every mobile phone comes loaded with all the features. They all have some underlying utility and other aspects for which they are designed and offered in the market. And accordingly they can be broadly classified into following categories;

Smartphones: These phones are for those who want a single gadget to be fully loaded so that it can serve any and every purpose - from communication to computing and from entertainment to productivity. Smartphones do multiple tasks from email and web browsing to playing music, capturing and playing videos, storing and managing data and many other functions too. These have higher price tags but the features they offer fully justify their price. RIM's BlackBerry, Nokia's N97 and Apple's iPhone are some of the most popular smartphones. Most of the latest mobile phones fall in this category. (Find more on why one should buy a smartphone, or learn more about smartphones) Basic Mobile Phone: It is the simplest and the most original of all themobile phones that you would see in the market. The cheapest of them all, it is sold in maximum numbers. Though with cost of technology falling and customer expectations rising most of the basic mobile phones now come with value additions like ring tone options, etc. Most of the mobile phone brands offer basic models. (Buy Mobile Phones in India)

PDA Phones: Personal Data Assistant phones are the favorite companion of business executives. Running on operating systems like MS Mobile Pocket PC and Palm OS these are offered by HP, PalmOne and the likes. In fact the mobile phone market has become so demanding, dynamic and competitive that the line that divides smartphones from PDAphones is fast fading. (PDAs in India) GSM/CDMA Mobile Phones: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) andCDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) are the two most important and commonly used networking technologies and your phone would be designed to work on either. Both the technologies have their own pros and cons and same get transferred to the corresponding mobile phone. The latest innovations though have now made it possible to use both the technologies in the same mobile phone. See Dual SIM Mobile Phone for more. Mobile phones can also be categorized as lifestyle phones, business phones, entertainment phones, gaming phones, etc. depending upon the features and consumer market segment that these may be targeting. The best thing is that you can make a mental note of what all you want in your mobile phone and you will be surprised to find that it is already available in the market.

Manufacturers
Prior to 2010, Nokia was the market leader. However, during that year competition emerged in the Asia Pacific region with brands such as Micromax, Nexian, and i-Mobile and chipped away at Nokia's market share. Android powered smartphones also gained momentum across the region at the expense of Nokia. In India, their market share also dropped significantly to around 31 percent from 56 percent in the same period. Their share was displaced by Chinese and Indian vendors of low-end mobile phones.

In 2010 worldwide sales were 1.6 billion units, an increase of 31.8 percent from 2009. The top five manufacturers by market share were Nokia followed by Samsung, LG Electronics, ZTE and Apple. The last three replaced RIM, Sony Ericsson and Motorola who were previously among the top five list. Outside the top five a significant market share increase from 16.5 percent to 30.6 percent was achieved by many smaller and new brands. In Q1 2011, Apple surpassed Nokia as the world's biggest handset vendor by revenue, as Nokia's market share dropped to 29 percent in Q1 2011, the lowest level since the late 1990s. In June 2011, Nokia announced lower expectations for sales and margin due to global competition in both low-and-high end marketsBy Q2 2011, worldwide sales grew 16.5 percent to 428.7 million units.

Mobile Phone: Functions and Features

A mobile phone or mobile is known by different names such as handphone, cellphone, wireless phone, cell phone, cell, cellular phone, cellular telephone, cell telephone or mobile telephone. It is basically an electronic device with a long range applied for mobile data or voice communication across a network of specified base stations termed as cell sites. Other than the normal voice function of a telephone or a mobile phone, contemporary mobile phones are able to support a number of mobile phone accessories and extra GSM facilities like the following:

E-mail SMS (short message service) for text messaging Gaming Packet switching for Internet accessibility Infrared Bluetooth Camera with video recorder (camcorder) MP3 player MMS (multimedia messaging service) for transmitting and obtaining video and photos GPS (global positioning system) Radio

Most recent mobile phones link to a cellular network comprising cell sites (base stations) and switching points held by a mobile network operator (excluding satellite phones that are mobile but not cellular).

A mobile phone, rather than a radio telephone, provides automated paging from and calling to a PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), full-duplex communication, handover or handoff at the time of a phone call while the user shifts from one base station coverage region or cell to another. A cellular phone provides broad area service and must not be mixed up with a cordless telephone that is a wireless phone, as well. A wireless telephone just provides telephony services within a restricted area, for instance, within an office or home by a base station and fixed line held by the subscriber. There are various types of mobile phones, starting from basic phones to feature phones like cameraphones, musicphones and smartphones.

Features of a Mobile Phone:

Following are the important features of a mobile phone:

Voice calls Text messages Call registers MP3 playback (music) MP4 playback (video) Alarms RDS (Radio Data System) Radio Receiver Document and memo recording Personal digital assistant (PDA) operations Personal organizer operations Streaming video Downloading video In-built cameras (3.2+mpx) and camcorders with flash and autofocus for video recording Games PTT (push to talk) Universal Serial Bus or USB (2.0) Memory card reader (SD) WiFi Connectivity Bluetooth (2.0)

Video calling Ringtones Instant messaging Internet browsing and e-mail Functions as a wireless modem for personal computers Following are the names of the prominent mobile phone manufacturers of the world:

Nokia Samsung Motorola Sony Ericsson LG Electronics Audiovox (presently UTStarcom) BenQ-Siemens Apple Inc. Benefon High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC) CECT Kyocera Fujitsu NEC Mitsubishi Electric Panasonic Neonode Matsushita Palm Philips Pantech Wireless Inc. Research in Motion Ltd. or RIM Sanyo

Sagem Qualcomm Inc. Siemens Sharp Sierra Wireless Sendo T&A Alcatel SK Teletech Trium Huawei Toshiba

Advantage and Disadvantage of Mobile Phone

The ll-hne is latest invention of the 21st century. It is still new device in many countries. People do not leave their homes without their ll-hnes. For many people, it's convenient way to communicate. Many parents provide their children with ll-hnes for safety reasons. ll-hnes have some disadvantages as well. Cellular phones have impacted society. They have left an ever-lasting impression on our culture. In this paper the Advantage and Disadvantage of ll-hnes have been discussed.

Advantages
ll-hnes have three principal advantages. ll-hnes have made communication easier. In addition, ll-hnes provide their users with extra devices in addition to telephone. At last, ll-hnes can provide safety for their users. ll-hnes have become accepted in the last fifteen years because they have made communication easier. People can call each other no matter where they are. Fifteen years ago,

there was no way to call someone who had no access to conventional telephone. Additionally, the technology which is provided with ll-hnes has made life easier. llhnes are not only telephones; they can also include calendars, cameras, alarm, clocks, and other devices to make life easier. The latest ll-hnes can even be used as pocket computer. Last but not least, many parents provide their children with ll-hnes for safety reasons. The speed dial up option in ll-hnes lets people make contact with emergency numbers by pressing one button. For many parents, ll-hne is convenient way to get in touch with their children.

Disadvantages
The use of ll-hnes has been proven to be big distraction. There are car accidents occurring everywhere due to the lack of attentiveness of drivers. Parents now think that it's better to buy ll-hnes for their new teen drivers for emergencies, but do you really think that they are used for those only? And since ll-hnes are so fabulous, then why do you always get busy, roaming signal and cause you to keep redialing number till you finally get through to that person? After all that trouble you are normally bothered and frustrated. Things like these can created accidents and even death. The possibility of brain tumors is also increasing with the use of cellular phones. Radiation is enormously hazardous to ll-hne users. The more cell phone uses, the greater chances become for brain cancer. When ll-hnes first came out, people purchased them in case of emergencies. Now, people bring their ll-hnes everyplace they go and use them for pleasure, not essentially for purpose. As convenient as ll-hnes may seem, there is more to it. Conscientiousness must be taken more sincerely and people need to be more aware of the risks that are involved in purchasing and using cellular phone.

Reference :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone http://www.scribd.com/doc/2276148/Advantage-and-Disadvantage-of-Cell-Phone http://www.contractphones.uk.com/buying-contract-phones/ http://www.aviarts.com/mobile/ http://www.tolmol.com/bp/mobile-phones/types-of-mobile-phones.htm