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Exercise 1
1.
Molecular formula
Structural Formula
CH3 OH
Propan1 ol
Propan2ol
Butan1ol
Butan2ol
Pentan2ol
2.
...
.. .
3.
(a)
(b)
combustion of propanol
...
4.
5.
If ethanol is exposed to air for a long time, it will turn sour. Explain why
...
...
6.
(1)
(2)
Exercise 2
1.
Molecular formula
Structural Formula
Methanoic acid
H
|
HCC
|
H
CH3COOH
Propanoic Acid
OH
C2H5COOH
Butanoic acid
2.
H H H
| |
|
O
H-CCCC
| |
|
H H H
OH
Carboxylic acids are weak acids. Explain the term weak acids.
.........
..
3.
(a)
(b)
4.
.
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield a sweet smelling liquid. What is the name of the
sweet smelling liquid?
Name: ..
State a use for this liquid
3
Use: ...
Write an equation showing the structural formulae for the formation of this liquid from
propanoic acid and ethanol. Name all the substances.
5.
(a)
Ethyl ethanoate
(b)
methyl butanoate
6. Alcohol S reacts with carboxylic acid T to form the ester propyl methanoate.
(a) Name the other product formed in the reaction.
(b) Name alcohol S and carboxylic acid T.
Exercise 3
1(a).
What is the empirical formula of the polymer with the following repeating unit
.
(b)
2.
(i)
H
C C
F
F
C C
(ii)
Cl
C C
(iii)
H
(iv)
CN
C
CH3
C
H
5
(b)
Compare and contrast the two monomers and polymers in parts (a)(i) and (a)(ii). What are the
similarities or differences between the two polymers formed?
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
3. Given the following polymers, draw the structural formula of the monomer in the boxes provided.
(a)
H H H H H H H H H H
C C C C C C C C C C
Cl H Cl H Cl H Cl H Cl H
b)
Cl
H Cl H Cl
H
C C C C C C C C C C
O H O H O H O H O H
H
H
H
H
H
H Cl H Cl H
4.
(a)
What is the name and molecular structure of the monomer for polypropene?
Name: ...........................................
Structure:
(b)
What is the empirical formula of polypropene? Is the empirical formula the same as propene?
5. Given that an addition polymer has 38.4 % by mass carbon and 56.8 % by mass chlorine. The rest being
hydrogen. Determine the structure of the polymer.
Exercise 4
1. What is "condensation polymerisation"?
..............................................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................................................
2. Two examples of condensation polymers are Nylon and Terylene. Complete the table.
Partial structure of condensation polymer
Uses
Nylon
Terylene
3.
3.
The material used for making soft drink and water bottles consists of the polymer PET. PET or PETE is
the abbreviation for poly(ethylene terephthalate). It is produced by the reaction between
ethylene glycol and terephathalic acid.
H O (CH2) O H
O
O
II
II
H O C C6H4 C O H
4.
Ethylene glycol
Terephathalic acid
(a)
(b)
Consider two compounds, X and Y, with the structural formula as shown below.
H
H
I
I
HN (CH2)6 NH
X
O
O
II
II
Cl C (CH2)4 C Cl
Y
(ii)
(a)
(b)
(i)
During one industrial accident, gas G escapes into the air. Give one adverse effect of gas G on the
environment.
.
.
.
.
(c)
(i)
.
.
(ii)
5.
6.
(b)
State one similarity and one difference between the structure of nylon and protein (Hint : read
up on Wikipedia on proteins).
..
[2]
(c)
..
(d)
The monomers in protein can be identified using chromatography. Insulin is a protein
used to treat people suffering from diabetes. In an experiment, insulin was broken down
into a mixture of monomers. A chromatogram was set up with a sample of the mixture
and samples of the monomers of proline and lysine (amino acids) as references.
(i)
Explain with the aid of a diagram, how chromatography could be used to show that proline and
lysine are present in the mixture.
..
..
..
..
[3]
(ii)
10