Solution (The Experimental Question):

Task 1
1a.
nominal=5=0.08
nominal

0.08

(degree)

1b.
Reflected Beam

Optical Axis

a
Incident Beam

If a is the distance between card and the grating and r is the distance between the
hole and the light spot so we have

f
x1
x1

f x1 , x 2 ,...

tan 2

We want

r
, If
a
0 to

r 1mm , a

f
x2
x2

r
2a

be zero i.e. r

70 1 mm

...

r
2a

r a
2a 2

r
2a

r
rad
2a

0.007 rad

0.4
0.4

range of visible light (degree)

13

26

1c.
0
Rmin

(21.60.1) k
5 = 0.08
R=(1921) k

0
1
Rmin

0=5

because
= 5 => R= (21.90.1) k
=-5 => R= (21.90.1) k

1d.
Table 1d. The measured parameters
(degree)
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
17.50
18.00
18.50
19.00
19.50
20.00
20.50
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00
16.25
16.75
17.25
17.75
18.25
18.75
19.25
19.75
20.25
20.75

Rglass(M )

Rglass(M ) Rfilm(M )

3.77
2.58
1.88
1.19
0.89
0.68
0.486
0.365
0.274
0.225
0.200
0.227
0.368
0.600
0.775
0.83
0.88
1.01
1.21
1.54
1.91
1.38
1.00
0.72
0.535
0.391
0.293
0.235
0.195
0.201
0.273

0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003

183
132
87
51.5
33.4
19.4
10.4
5.40
2.66
1.42
0.880
0.822
1.123
1.61
1.85
1.87
1.93
2.14
2.58
3.27
4.13
66.5
40.0
23.4
12.8
6.83
3.46
1.76
0.988
0.776
0.89

Rfilm(M )
3
2
1
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.005
0.01

1e.
In =-20 => Rglass= (132 2) k

, Rfilm= (5185) k

Tfilm
0.255

= -20

Tfilm
19.25
19.50
19.75
20.00
20.25
20.50
20.75

0.134
0.158
0.197
0.227
0.259
0.276
0.307

Graphics

0.35

0.30

Transmission

Tfilm| =-20
0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10
19.0

19.5

20.0

20.5

(degree)
We see that: T( = 20.25 ) = T( = -20 )
(degree)

0.250.08

21.0

Task 2.
2a.
d sin

where

and d

d
d

cot 2

0.08 degree

1
mm
600

= 2.9 cos( ) (nm)

T film

R glass
R film

T film

R film

R glass

R film

R glass

R glass

R film

R film

R film

R glass
R glass

2b.

13

26

2.6

2.8 nm

d cos

0 .1
180

2c.
Table 2c. The calculated parameters using the measured parameters

(degree)
15.0
15.5
16.0
16.25
16.5
16.75
17.0
17.25
17.5
17.75
18.0
18.25
18.5
18.75
19.0
19.25
19.5
19.75
20.0
20.25
20.5
20.75
21.0
21.5
22.0
22.5
23.0
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.0

(nm)
428
442
456
463
470
477
484
491
498
505
512
518
525
532
539
546
553
560
567
573
580
587
594
607
621
634
648
661
675
688
701

Ig/C( )
(M -1)
0.265
0.388
0.532
0.725
0.840
1.00
1.12
1.39
1.47
1.87
2.06
2.56
2.74
3.41
3.65
4.26
4.44
5.13
5.00
4.98
4.41
3.66
2.72
1.67
1.29
1.20
1.14
0.99
0.826
0.649
0.524

Is/C( )
(M -1)
0.00546
0.00758
0.0115
0.0150
0.0194
0.0250
0.0299
0.0427
0.0515
0.0781
0.096
0.146
0.185
0.289
0.376
0.568
0.704
1.01
1.14
1.29
1.22
1.12
0.890
0.621
0.541
0.535
0.518
0.467
0.388
0.306
0.242

Tfilm

0.0206
0.0195
0.0216
0.0208
0.0231
0.0250
0.0266
0.0308
0.0351
0.0418
0.0467
0.0572
0.0676
0.0847
0.103
0.134
0.158
0.197
0.227
0.259
0.276
0.307
0.328
0.373
0.419
0.444
0.456
0.472
0.469
0.471
0.462

3.88
3.94
3.83
3.88
3.77
3.69
3.63
3.48
3.35
3.17
3.06
2.86
2.69
2.47
2.27
2.01
1.84
1.62
1.48
1.35
1.29
1.18
1.12
0.99
0.87
0.81
0.79
0.75
0.76
0.75
0.77

2d.
Graphics

6.0

-1

5.0
4.0

glass

-1

3.0
2.0

film

1.0
0.0
420

470 520 570 620

Wavelength (nm)
max(Iglass)

670

720

5645 (nm)
5735 (nm)

max(Ifilm)

2e. Graphics

0.50
0.45
Transmission

0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
420

470

520

570

620

Wavelength(nm)
6

670

720

Task 3.
3a.
Table 3a. The calculated parameters for each measured data point
x (eV)
y ( eV2)
(degree)
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.25
16.50
16.75
17.00
17.25
17.50
17.75
18.00
18.25
18.50
18.75
19.00
19.25
19.50
19.75
20.00
20.25
20.50
20.75
21.00
21.50
22.00
22.50
23.00
23.50
24.00
24.50
25.00

2.898
2.806
2.720
2.679
2.639
2.600
2.563
2.527
2.491
2.457
2.424
2.392
2.360
2.330
2.300
2.271
2.243
2.215
2.188
2.162
2.137
2.112
2.088
2.041
1.997
1.954
1.914
1.875
1.838
1.803
1.769

126.6
121.9
108.8
107.8
98.9
92.0
86.3
77.4
69.7
60.9
55.1
46.8
40.4
33.1
27.3
20.91
17.07
12.92
10.51
8.53
7.56
6.23
5.43
4.06
3.02
2.52
2.26
1.98
1.94
1.84
1.86

3b.
Graphics

140
130
120

( t h )2 (eV2)

110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

h (eV)
x min

x max

2.24 eV

2.68 eV

3c.
h

Ah
y

At
t

Eg
2

1
2

th

x Eg

m
A

m
2m

m
2A m

At

At
2

Eg
m
A

In linear range we have, m=213 (eV), r2= 0.9986, Eg=2.17 (eV)

and we have A 0.071 eV1/2 /nm so we find t= 206 (nm)
2

y
m

m2
x
R2
x i2 N x 2

2
i

m x
Nx 2

xy
x

2
i

Nx 2

xy

where x & y are the mean of error range of x & y

xi
i

Eg

Eg

yi
i

& y

t=t

So

10 (eV)

1
m

m/(2 m)

x2
N

0 . 014 eV , y

0 . 9 eV

5 (nm)

y2

y
m

1
m

xy
N

0.02 eV

Table 3d. The calculated values of Eg and t using Fig. 3

Eg (eV)
2.17

t (nm)
206

Eg (eV)
0.02

t (nm)
5

y
m

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