COMPUTER PROJECT

FORM: 6

SPREADSHEET AND WORD PROCESSING

NAME: ASHIK ALI CO-MEMBER: MOHAMMED SAIF ALI FORM: 602 COLLEGE: NASINU MUSLIM TEACHER: Mr. N .SINGH

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AIM
The main objective of this project is to apply the features and function of Microsoft Spreadsheet application program into real application of calculating expense of Saif. The aim is to enhance the knowledge and familiarize oneself on how to execute this application program.

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OBJECTIVES
After completing this project, students would be able to: Enter text and numbers in a cell to create worksheet. Use spreadsheet function and formulae to calculate and edited values. Format In the spreadsheet. Create graphs using correct values.

DECLARATION
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We, Ashik and Saif declare that this entire project is based upon our research from appropriate resources. Any materials used for facts and figures are properly referenced and not copied from any other projects. Signature:.. Name: Date: Signature:.. Name: Date:..

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the following people who have continuously put in their effort somehow or the other in order for us to complete our project. My parents My computer teacher My friends (namely: Zabed, Jilani ,Sayf ,Simon)

SUMMARY
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Spreadsheet A table of values arranged in rows and columns. Each value can have a predefined relationship to the other values. If you change one value, therefore, you may need to change other values as well. Spreadsheet applications (sometimes referred to simply as spreadsheets) are computer programs that let you create and manipulate spreadsheets electronically. In a spreadsheet application, each value sits in a cell. You can define what type of data is in each cell and how different cells depend on one another

TABLE OF CONTENT
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SPREADSHEET
A spreadsheet, also known as a worksheet, contains rows and columns and is used to record and compare numerical or financial data. Originally, spreadsheets only existed in paper format, but now they are most likely created and maintained through a software program that displays the numerical information in rows and columns. Spreadsheets can be used in any area or field that works with numbers and are commonly found in the
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accounting, budgeting, sales forecasting, financial analysis, and scientific fields. Computerized spreadsheets mimic a paper spreadsheet. The advantage of using computerized spreadsheets is their ability to update data and perform automatic calculations extremely quickly. On a computerized spreadsheet, the intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Rows are generally identified by numbers - 1, 2, 3, and so on - and columns are identified by letters, such as A, B, C, and so on. The cell is a combination of a letter and a number to identify a particular location within the spreadsheet, for example A3. To maneuver around the spreadsheet, you use the mouse or the tab key. When the contents of one cell are changed, any other affected cell is automatically recalculated according to the formulas in use. Formulas are the calculations to be performed on the data. Formulas can be simple, such as sum or average, or they can be very complex. Spreadsheets are also popular for testing hypothetical scenarios.

EXAMPLES OF SPREADSHEET PROGRAMS:

VisiCalc (Very Old - first ever electronic spreadsheet?) Lotus 1-2-3 Apple iWork Numbers Microsoft Excel OpenOffice.org Calc
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Google Docs Spreadsheet

ADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEET
A spreadsheet allows users to enter and calculate numerical data. Using a spreadsheet greatly increases productivity for anyone who needs to manage receipts, create budgets, generate financial reports or even keep

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track of inventories and similar lists. A spreadsheet combines the features of a general ledger with the flexibility of powerful data analysis and reporting functions.

Entering Data A spreadsheet allows you to enter text, numerical values and formulas into an electronic worksheet. The worksheet's rows and columns can contain numerical data or labels that identify information. Every row is automatically numbered and every column has an alphabetical identifier. The intersection of a row and column creates a cell. Every cell's name or placeholder is unique. Putting information into a spreadsheet is much simpler than using a paper system like a general ledger. Users can choose whether to place labels in columns or in rows, according to their needs. The majority of popular spreadsheet programs have more than 200 columns and thousands of rows. This makes them ideal for storing and reporting large amounts of numerical data.

Editing Typing data into a spreadsheet is more efficient than using an adding machine. If you make a mistake in a spreadsheet, you can correct it by entering a new number or text into that cell of your worksheet. Most spreadsheets also have an undo command that allows you to remove one or more entries that you no longer want. Since spreadsheets are electronic, you can copy and paste data to avoid repeatedly typing the same values.
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With spreadsheets, it simple to save your work, update data as it changes and compare estimates or forecasts to actual data.

Calculations A spreadsheet makes calculating numerical data much more efficient than adding machines. Unlike adding machines, an electronic worksheet allows you to change formulas and recalculate the results without reentering the values. In addition to the most common mathematical formulas, a spreadsheet provides users with the flexibility to create formulas that produce customized calculations. A spreadsheet also allows you to put cell names in formulas. Your calculations are automatically updated when you change data in cells that are part of the formula. Users can also make formulas that link one spreadsheet to values contained in another one. Formulas like these would allow you to create a quarterly financial statement using information from three separate spreadsheets for each month in the quarter.

Data Analysis A spreadsheet is a useful tool for sorting and analyzing data. A user enters labels in rows and values in columns, and then highlights the information and use menu commands to reorder the sheet's contents. You can use labels to sort information, such as dates, names or prices in ascending or descending order. The data sorting function also allows users to sort on combinations of labels. Most spreadsheets even provide ways to extract
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information that meets specific criteria, such as all entries containing a particular zip code, and show it a separate area of your worksheet.

Reporting You can report data in a spreadsheet in a variety of ways. You can select a portion of the sheet for printing or the entire document. You can choose to have information and labels repeated on each page, so that large spreadsheets are easier to read. A spreadsheet can convert your labels and values into charts, tables and graphs. You can export worksheets to other office productivity software like word processors and presentation software. Updates in the spreadsheet can automatically be reflected in the destination document

DISADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEET
Spreadsheet applications provide computer users a convenient way to collect, track and report data. By employing a number of powerful functions, users can quickly and easily assemble comprehensive reports
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and lay the groundwork for advanced analysis. Despite these benefits, though, spreadsheets include several disadvantages that create challenges for the inexperienced and inhibit users from effectively using the software.

Confusion of Use Spreadsheet applications can appear somewhat intimidating to uninitiated users, and this overwhelming initial appearance can lead users to use the applications for unintended purposes. According to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, users should employ spreadsheet applications only for purposes of short-term data compilation and analysis, not for the long-term data storage that many users attempt. In addition, some uses of spreadsheets, especially data sorting and sharing, are better handled in databases; the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife specifically indicates that spreadsheets offer limited sorting, querying and sharing abilities while programmers design database applications such as Microsoft Access and Apple Filmmaker to serve these purposes. Because many users remain unfamiliar with spreadsheet capabilities, they may continue to ineffectively use spreadsheets for these database functions.

Limits on Simple Functions Though spreadsheet applications can perform very advanced and highly complex calculations with ease, the software packages often limit or entirely omit simple functionality. According to Murdoch University, spreadsheets lack the ability to calculate simple algebraic equations, and spreadsheet users may experience significant challenges when attempting
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to graph a function that includes numerous algebraic variables. Many users, too, attempt to type short descriptions or input text data into spreadsheet cells; because spreadsheets revolve almost exclusively around numbers, rather than letters, simple word processing functions may not exist. The absence of word processing functions like spell check and paragraph formatting can create challenges for users who enter considerable amounts of text, embed documentation or wish to create elaborate spreadsheet headers. Error in calculation

If you make an error in your formula, every single calculation done on that spreadsheet will be wrong. For example, if you use a spreadsheet to record your hours worked and you have entered the formula wrong it can mess up your total hours worked and make it look like you are being dishonest. I didn't know Excel that well but wanted to use it in order to get better at it. I had copied a formula down wrong. It would disappear but when I reentered it I kept entering the wrong formula. I was under a tremendous amount of stress at the time and didn't catch the error. I didn't even realize the error until several months after I got fired. No one ever told me. They just assumed that I was being dishonest. I was not. I really like them all and respected them. I would have never been dishonest about anything. I have since learned spreadsheets really well but that one little formula that was wrong almost ruined my life. Spreadsheets are often not very scalable for accessing and manipulating large volumes of data. Such tasks are better suited to relational databases.

Generally an attempt to make a spreadsheet do something that is was not designed to do make for very inefficient uses.

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You can very quickly corrupt spreadsheets by altering very little of the content. And that's extremely hard to trace. If you've got no means of verifying them, or no audit process surrounding them, that's a massive risk. Anybody who has got access to you PC can copy and paste and steal valuable information in seconds. If you make an error in your formula, every single calculation done on that spreadsheet will be wrong. If you do something wrong then you might have to do the spread sheet all over again. If you do not know what formula should be used, and you use the wrong one, error messages will show and it can take you a long time to figure out what one should be used. If you are not familiar with spreadsheets, it can take a long time to adjust to all the formulas, which is very hard. Spreadsheets are restricted to a limited number of records May require a large amount of hard-drive space for data storage Cannot create reports like databases

These types of questions have no value, because there is no basis of comparisons. Please ask another more specific question. But, to answer this question, here are some disadvantages of spreadsheets in excel:

They are not good choices for editing movies.

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They are not good for writing a book. They are not good for catching fish. They are not good for driving a car. etc...

Spreadsheets cannot edit video. A spreadsheet would not be the best choice for typing a cover letter for a job application. A spreadsheet can give you bad data if you enter bad numbers or improper formulas. If you make an error in your formula, every single calculation done on that spreadsheet will be wrong. Spreadsheets are often not very scalable for accessing and manipulating large volumes of data. Such tasks are better suited to relational databases.

Generally an attempt to make a spreadsheet do something that is was not designed to do make for very inefficient uses.

WORD PROCESSING
Using a computer to create, edit, and print documents. Of all computer applications, word processing is the most common. To perform word processing, you need a computer, a special program called a word processor, and a printer. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it
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by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer. The great advantage of word processing over using a typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire document. If you make a typing mistake, you simply back up the cursor and correct your mistake. If you want to delete a paragraph, you simply remove it, without leaving a trace. It is equally easy to insert a word, sentence, or paragraph in the middle of a document. Word processors also make it easy to move sections of text from one place to another within a document, or between documents. When you have made all the changes you want, you can send the file to a printer to get a hardcopy. A program designed to create, edit and print text based documents including: letters, memos, faxes, and reports etc. A word processor enables you to save your documents on the computer and edit and update them later EXAMPLES OF WORD PROCESSORS: Microsoft Word Adobe Acrobat HTML OpenOffice.org Implications for schools

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CONCLUSION
After completing this entire project, it was observed and encounter that Microsoft excel worksheet makes the entire calculation easier and can process a bundle of numbers. It has efficient functions and formulae and other significant feature such as number format. Also after feeding the table, it was easier to make the bar graph by using the appropriate features.

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This project has enabled me to have skills on how to use the spreadsheet program and now makes work easier. It is more convenient to use as a substitute for paper and pen.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The websites used: Advantages of Spreadsheet Programs | eHow.com

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http://www.ehow.com/about_4760350_advantages-spreadsheetprograms.html#ixzz1xz039SuCore: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_examples_of_spreadsheet_pr ograms#ixzz1xyyo6TK7 The Disadvantages of Spreadsheets | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_5910644_disadvantagesspreadsheets.html#ixzz1xz2E8j00

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