EEET 411 DC MACHINERY

Principles of Electromechanical Energy Conversion

June 25, 2012 Electromechanical energy converter Converts or transform electrical energy into mechanical form and vice versa Two types: 1. Gross-motion devices Motors and generators 2. Incremental-motion devices Electromechanical transducers o EAP o Galvanometer o MEMS Inkjet Printing Accelerometers Gyroscopes Mobile Microphones Pressure Sensor (Blood, Tire) Optical switching Fluid accelerator (microcooling) o Vibration-powered generator o Potentiometer (position transducer) o Load cell (strain gauge, piezoelectric cell) o Accelerometers o Airflow sensor o Tactile sensor (robotics, touch) Electroaccoustic transducer

Geophone converts a ground movement (displacement) into voltage (vibrations motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal)

Gramophone pickup (air pressure motion magnetic field signal)

Hydrophone converts changes in water pressure into an electrical form

Sonar transponder (water pressure motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal)

Actuator motors for moving and controlling 1. Electric 2. Hydraulic 3. Pneumatic Mechanical Energy Not just referring to motion; the sum of potential and kinetic energy in a mechanical system Involves motion and position Magnetic field usage 1. A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field in the area around it. 2. A time-changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a coil of wire if it passes through that coil. 3. A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a force induced on it. 4. A moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a voltage induced in it.

Loudspeaker, earphone converts electrical signals into sound (amplified signal magnetic field motion air pressure)

Microphone converts sound into an electrical signal (air pressure motion of conductor/coil magnetic field signal)

Pickup (music technology) converts motion of metal strings into an electrical signal (magnetism electricity (signal))

Tactile transducer converts electrical signal into vibration ( signal vibration)

Piezoelectric crystal converts solid-state electrical modulations into an electrical signal (vibration electrical current signal)