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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA PREDISPOSING Factors 85 y.

o, male Contributing/Precipitating Factors Bacteria

Entry of microorganisms to respiratory system through inspiration/aspiration (staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacilli) Activation of normal pulmonary defenses Ineffective immune response resulting to overwhelming infection

Penetrate the sterile lower respiratory tract

Organism multiplies and releases damaging toxins

Release of inflammatory mediators (IL-1, IL-6, TNF, GCSF)

Inflammation

Airway constriction

Increased mucus production

Chills & fever

Vasodilation & increase blood flow

Hyperventilation Cough se RR

crackles

Alveolar capillary leakage

Decreased lung compliance

Results in: * se BS * tactile fremitus *dullness

Inflamed & fluidfilled alveolar sac

DYSPNEA

Altered gas exchanged

Hypoxemia

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