UNIT 8

Research about Inventions and Technology

How to describes manufactures products, factual and unreal conditionals and the importance of inventions in the world
Lucy Mara Andrade 11/07/2012

CONTENT
Discuss a New Product ......................................................................................... 2 GRAMMAR#1 ...................................................................................................... 2 Present Unreal conditions ................................................................................ 3 Present factual conditional ............................................................................... 4 Future factual conditional ................................................................................. 4 Accept Responsibility for a Mistake .................................................................... 5 GRAMMAR #2 ..................................................................................................... 5 The past unreal conditional .............................................................................. 6 Evaluate Inventions ............................................................................................... 6 Discuss the Impact of Key Inventions in History ............................................... 7 Creates New Industries........................................................................................ 7 Spurs Innovation .................................................................................................. 7 Fuels Patents Culture .......................................................................................... 7 Creates Employment ........................................................................................... 7 Bibliography .......................................................................................................... 8

Inventions and Technology

Discuss a New Product
Conversation A: I need a new coffee maker. Do you think I should get the Brew Rite? I ts on sale at TechnoMart. B: That depends. How much are they selling it for? A: $75. B: definitely. Thats great price. If I need a coffee maker, Id buy one too. Its top of the line. What are they talking about? Why they think its a good buying?

GRAMMAR#1

Factual and unreal conditional sentences

Present factual conditionals: Use the simple present tense in both clauses If you make a lot coffee, you need a good coffee maker.

Future factual conditionals. Use the simple present tense in the if clause. Use the future with will or be going to in the result clause. If they sell the Brew Rite for as low a price as the Coffee King, theyll

sell a lot of them.

Present unreal conditions. Use the simple past or were in the if clause. Use would in the result clause. If I were you, I wouldnt buy it. If Telex had a cutting-edge digital camera, they would sell more.

Next we see more examples for each one. Present Unreal conditions It used the Present Unreal Conditional referring about unreal, imaginary or impossible conditions and results. Both: Result Clause and If Clause, present the unreal result of the condition. The verb in the If Clause is shown in simple past tense. The Result Clause is used in the auxiliary Would + base form of the verb. a. The If Clause use the simple past tense, but the meaning is not about the past. If I had money now, I would supply Many Things to myself. b. Dont use auxiliary Would in the If Clause in the present unreal conditional sentences. If I bought some flowers to Mary, she would be happy. NOT: If I would buy...
NOTE: American In informal speech, Was sometimes hear that the If Clause. However, in the formal speech is wrong.

c. Use were for all the people when the verb in the If Clause is in basic form (be). If I were a king, I would Contribute In Many charity Associations in all the world.

If the Result Clause is not true, then use Might or could in the Result Clause to express possibility. You can also use could in the Result Clause to express ability. (Conditional clauses). Example: If I had enough time, I could take dancing classes. (It's possible I would take dancing classes). If you spoke German, You Could translate this letter for me

Other examples: If you walked to the theater, you would get there late. If she were a photographer, she would sell her old camera and buy a new one. Present factual conditional It used the Present Factual Conditional sentence to refer to the facts as well as scientific laws. The If Clause expresses the condition while the Result Clause specifies that if the condition happens. El verb in both sentences is shown in simple present tense. You can also use the Present Factual Conditional to refer to habits, and recurrent events (that are going on). Use the present progressive or present tense in the If Clause. While in the Result Clause, use simple present tense. (Conditional clauses) Jewelry lasts a long time if you took great care of it. You have to be responsible if you get a pet. If Im traveling so far, I always carry extra money. If Jim flies, He orders vegetarian food.

Future factual conditional

NOTE:

The Factual Future Conditional is used to refer on that action would happen under certain condition. If Clause represents the condition. The Result Clause is the probable or certain result. Modals can be used in the result clause. If you want to vote, you must register first.

"Will" often suggests that

a speaker will do
something voluntarily "Will" is usually used in promises. . Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. (english Page.com)

You can start with conditional sentences: the Result Clause or If Clause. The meaning is maintained. But add the comma between two sentences if you start with the If Clause. (Conditional clauses) If you exercise every day, youll lose weight. If you touch blue, your dream will come true.

Accept Responsibility for a Mistake

Conversation A: Sorry were late. We got lost. B: Thats OK. It can happen to anyone. A: Well, it was entirely my fault. If I had stopped to ask for directions we would have been on time. B: Well, better late than never. Please come in. And let me get you something to drink. What is the mistake? Why they were late?

GRAMMAR #2
The past unreal conditional Use the past unreal conditional to describe unreal or untrue conditions and results. If I had had a cell phone, I could have called for directions. She wouldnt have been late if she had checked the map.

BE CAREFUL! Dont use would or could in the if clause.

If I would have had a cell phone, I could have called for directions.

Questions and answers Could they have arrived on time if they had left earlier?
Yes, they could have/ No, they couldnt

When would you have arrived if you had taken the train? At four o clock 5

The past unreal conditional Past Unreal Conditional is about hypothetical actions that have been made in the past. Then the condition and the results are unreal. These sentences are used to describe situations that never happened. (Emagister) If he had died young , he wouldnt have had children
(But he didnt die young, so he had children).

If I hadnt eaten too much, I wouldnt have had a stomachache. It uses the past perfect in the If Clause. Use Would Have + Past Participle in Result Clause If I had gotten a major in Medicine, I would have worked in a successful hospital. If Luisa had gone with us, she would have spent a great time. If in case the result is not very accurate to occur, then use Might have or Could have in the Result clause expressing possibility. If it had been sunny, we would have gone at the beach.

Evaluate Inventions
When we talking about technology, we can use many words for describe manufactured products. Uses new technology High-tech State-of-the-art Cutting-edge Low-tech / high tech Wacky Unique Efficient / inefficient 6 Offers high quality High-end Top-of-the-line Firs-rate Uses new ideas Innovate Revolutionary Novel

Discuss the Impact of Key Inventions in History

Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper, Charles Goodyear's vulcanized rubber and Alexander Bell's telephone were among the continuous cycle of inventions that spurred America's industrial revolution in the 1800s, created industries and later reinforced America's status as the premier economy in the world in the post-World War II period. The importance of inventions in aiding socioeconomic progress and influencing life itself cannot be overstated.

Creates New Industries

A direct impact of inventions is the formation of new industries and many derived sectors. Texas Instruments' Jack Kilby's invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 spawned the electronics industry and later-era computers, information technology and mobile telephony/communications industries.

Spurs Innovation
Renowned American ingenuity coupled with federal government funding, defense sector-sponsored programs and university research initiatives have created a system that spurs innovation, leads to significant breakthroughs and encourages research and development activities for new inventions.

Fuels Patents Culture

Thomas Edison's record 1,093 patents and filing of patents at timely intervals by numerous American inventors, technologists and engineers kept America at the forefront of new scientific revolutions and attendant commercial applications in science, engineering and technology throughout the 20th century.

Creates Employment
New industries and allied sectors resulting from the successful application of inventions fuel demands for millions of manufacturing, production, service, customer support and other jobs. 7

Bibliography
Conditional clauses. (s.f.). Recuperado el 9 de Julio de 2012, de Captulo 4: Future factual conditional: http://www.emagister.com/curso-conditionalclauses/future-factual-conditional Conditional clauses. (s.f.). Recuperado el 9 de Junio de 2012, de Capitulo 2:Present factual conditions: http://www.emagister.com/curso-conditionalclauses/present-factual-conditional-1 Conditional clauses. (s.f.). Recuperado el 9 de Julio de 2012, de Captulo 5: Present unreal conditional: http://www.emagister.com/curso-conditionalclauses/present-unreal-conditional Dutta, P. (s.f.). eHow money. Recuperado el 9 de Julio de 2012, de The Importance of Inventions: http://www.ehow.com/facts_5708734_importanceinventions.html Emagister. (s.f.). Conditional clauses. Recuperado el 9 de Julio de 2012, de Captulo 7: Past unreal conditional : http://www.emagister.com/cursoconditional-clauses/past-unreal-conditional-1 english Page.com. (s.f.). Recuperado el 8 de Julio de 2012, de Simple future: http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html Saslow, J. (2006). Top Notch (Vol. 3). New York: Pearson Education Inc.