CHEMISTRY

FORM 4

ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Part 1
Electrolysis

PART A : OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Electrolytes are able to conduct electricity because
A. Free ions are present in the aqueous or molten state
B. They decompose in the solid state
C. Electrons can flow through in the solid state
+
D. Water molecules dissociate into H and OH
2.

Which of the following substance is an electrolyte?

A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Alcohol
Mercury
Glucose solution
Copper sulphate

Which of the following statements is true about electrolytes and non-electrolytes?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Non-electrolytes are covalent substances that can conduct electricity

Non-electrolytes do not conduct electricity
Electrolytes are covalent substances that can conduct electricity
Organic solvents are added to dry electrolytes to increase electricity

4. Tetrachloromethane is unable to conduct electricity because

It contains freely moving molecules which dissociate into C4+ and Cl- ions
B. Its ions receive or donate electrons
C. It is in gaseous state
D. It exists as molecules held together by covalent bonds
A.

5. In an electrolysis, an anode is
A.
B.
C.
D.

The positive terminal of a battery

The electrode which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery
The negative terminal of a battery
The electrode which is connected to the negative terminal of a battery

6. An electrolytic cell is composed of

I
II

anions and cations

battery
A. I and II only
B. III and IV only

III
IV

electrodes
electrolyte
C. I, II and III only
D. II, III and only
Electrochemistry Part A | 2

7. During electrolysis, which of the following energy change occurs?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Chemical electrical
Chemical heat
Electrical chemical
Electrical light

8. When an aqueous solution conducts electricity,

A.
B.
C.
D.

A gas is produced at one of the electrodes

A chemical reaction has occurred
A metal is deposited at cathode
Oxygen or hydrogen will be one of the products

9. In the electrolysis of dilute hydrochloric acid, the ion that is discharged at the anode is
A. H+
B. OH-

C. ClD. O2-

10. What can be observed at the anode during the electrolysis of molten potassium bromide?
A. Brownish gas is released
B. Purplish gas is released
C. Shiny solid is deposited
D. Grey solid is deposited
11. Which of the following electrolytes releases hydrogen at cathode and oxygen at anode when it is
being electrolyzed?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Molten lead bromide

Hydrochloric acid
Copper chloride solution
Concentrated sodium chloride solution

12. In the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using copper electrodes, it is observed that, at
the cathode
A.
B.
C.
D.

Copper is deposited
Copper electrode dissolves
Oxygen gas is released
Hydrogen gas is released

PART B : STRUCTURE QUESTION

Electrochemistry Part A | 3
2

1 Figure 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide.
A

Carbon electrode X

Carbon electrode Y

Crucible

Molten lead(II) bromide

Bunsen burner

FIGURE 1.1
(a)

Based on Figure 1.1, identify :

anode : . and cathode : .
[ 1 mark]

(b)

Write the formulae for the ions present in molten lead(II) bromide.
..
[ 1 mark]

(c)

State the ion that is attracted to :

(i) X : .
(ii) Y : .
[ 1 mark]

(d)

Write the half equations of the reaction at electrode :

(i) X : .
(ii) Y : .
[ 2 marks]

(e)

What would you observe at electrode :

(i) X : .
(ii) Y : .
[ 2 marks]

Electrochemistry Part A | 4

2 Figure 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of a dilute aqueous
sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes.

Electrode Q
Electrode P
Dilute sodium chloride solution

A
FIGURE 2

(a)

What is meant by cation?

(b)

................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(c)

(i)

State all the ions present in the electrolyte.

..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(ii)

In the table below, write the formulae of the ions in (c) (i) which moved
to electrodes P and Q.
Electrode P

Electrode Q

[2 marks]
(d)

Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrodes P and Q.

Electrode P

Electrode Q

[2 marks]
(e)

If a concentrated sodium chloride solution is used in the above electrolysis, name the gas
collected in the test tube at electrode Q. Explain why?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

3.

................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Figure 3 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of 0.0001 mol dm-3 sodium
chloride solution.

-3

0.0001 moldm
sodium chloride
solution

Carbon
electrode X

Carbon
electrode Y

FIGURE 1
(a) Name all the anions present in the solution.

[1 mark]
(b) What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
....
[1 mark]
(c) (i)
Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode X.
...
[1 mark ]
(ii)

Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode X.

..
[1 mark]

(iii)

Explain how to confirm the gas produced at electrode X.

.
.....
.
[2 marks]

(d) What ion is discharged at electrode Y? Explain your answer.

.....
.....

[2 marks ]
(e) The volume of gas collected at electrode Y is 30 cm3.
Given that Avogadro number is 6.02 1023 mol-1 and 1 mol of gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3
mol-1 at room condition.
(i) Calculate the number of mole of the gas produced.

[1 mark]
(ii) What is the number of gas molecules collected?

[1 mark]
3

A student carried out an experiment to investigate the purification of impure copper rods.
(a)

Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set- up of to carry out this experiment.

[3 marks]
(b)

The experiment was conducted for 30 minutes.

(i)
What would be observed at the electrodes?
Anode: ...................................................................................................................
Cathode:..................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii)

What happened to the concentration of the electrolyte? Explain.

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c)

Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode and the cathode.
(i)

Anode

:...................................................................................................

(ii)

(d)

Cathode

:.......................................................................................................
[2 marks]

State another application of electrolysis.

.
[1 mark]

SECTION C : ESSAY QUESTION

1. (a) (i)
(ii)

What is meant by electrolysis?

[2 marks]

State three industrial applications of electrolysis?

[3 marks]

With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe how you would convert chemical
energy to electrical energy. Explain the chemical processes involved.
[11 marks]
(b)

Why does solid lead(II) bromide does not conduct electricity whereas molten lead(II)
bromide does?

2.

(a)

[4 marks]

Figure 5 shows the setup of apparatus used to investigate the electrical

conductivity of two solutions

The bulb lighted up when the graphite electrodes were immersed in the solutions.
When the electrodes were immersed in a solution formed by mixing by two solutions
together, the bulb did not light up. Write equations to explain the

observations as fully as

you can.
[14 marks]
(b)

Aluminium and chlorine are manufactured by electrolysis. Name the material used

for the electrolysis and write equation for the reaction at the electrode which the
element is produced

[6 marks]