PRINCIPLES OF TOURISM

TOURISM
Definition: activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes. The processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the relationships and the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, and surrounding environments that are involved in attracting and hosting of visitors.

World Tourism Organization (WTO) Definitions

International Tourism

Inbound Tourism: Visit to a country by non-residents Outbound Tourism: Visits of residents of a country to another country

Domestic tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country Internal tourism: Visits by residents and residents of the country of reference (Inbound tourism plus domestic tourism) National tourism: Internal tourism plus outbound tourism

WTO Definitions
Traveller any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities within his/her country of usual residence Same-day visitors (excursionists) visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the country visited Tourists visitors who stay in the country desired for at least one night

COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

1. The Tourist it is important to know their travel motivations and factors that influence their choice of destination and activities 2. Natural Resource and Environment composed of:
Physiography nature & appearance of landscape Climate kind of weather of a place over a period People residents and concurrent visitors

COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

3. Built Environment that created by humans. Includes: a) Infrastructure put in place to meet needs of local residents (Roads, telecommunications) b) Superstructure facilities that have been developed to respond to the demands of visitors (Theme Parks) c) Technology d) Information e) Governance

OPERATING SECTORS
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COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

4. Operating Sectors represent what many of the general public perceive as tourism. Includes the following: a) Transportation b) Accommodation c) Food services d) Attractions e) Events f) Adventure and outdoor recreation g) Entertainment h) Travel Trade sector and tourism services

COMPONENTS OF TOURISM & TOURISM MANAGEMENT

5. Spirit of Hospitality the challenge facing destinations is to deliver their experiences in a way that enables the visitors to believe that they are welcome and that they are truly guests 6. Planning, Development, Promotion & Catalyst Organizations composed of the visionaries, policy makers, strategic planners, and individuals and groups who make the right things happen led by the destination management organization

Destination marketing organizations: DMOs

as the travel industry calls them, are organizations whose purpose

is to promote and facilitate travel to and within their districts, cities, regions, states/provinces, nations or even continents.

The Tourism Product

Not a single tangible thing but an amalgam or combination of the ff:

a) Intangible elements - Image, hospitality, courtesy, friendliness, helpfulness, ambiance, security, etc. b) Tangible elements the natural environment, hotels, restaurants, resorts, food, support facilities like airports, aircraft, roads, food, destination, festivals, etc.

Thus, enhancing and preserving the tourism product is everybodys concern, from the driver to the market vendor to the tour guide to the resort owner up to the President

The 4 Different Perspectives of Tourism According to Stakeholders

To the tourist the nature of the tourists psychic & physical experiences and satisfactions will determine choice of destination and activities To tourism suppliers (those that provide tourist goods and services) concerned with revenue generation and customer satisfaction To the government plays an important factor in tourism policy, development, promotion, and implementation. Concerned with generation of income, foreign exchange To host community - local people see tourism as a cultural and employment factor

GENERAL ROLES OF PARTNERS

National Tourism Organization DOT

Formulation

of policies & guidelines National planning & development of tourist destinations and activities Promotion of the Philippines locally & internationally

Local Government Units & Communities

Get

their destination ready to host tourists Regulate tourism-related businesses Promote the province, city, town

GENERAL ROLES OF PARTNERS

Other National Government Agencies

Regulate

and develop attractions, support infrastructure, and services required for tourism development

Private Sector/Operating Sectors

Plan

and develop tour products & services Promote & sell tours

TYPES OF TOURISTS
I. Plogs Model A. Allocentric outgoing, confident, adventurous & willing to experiment and explore; ex: backpackers, mountaineers B. Psychocentric conservative, prefer familiar, highly secure surroundings, non-risk takers; Example: local travelers who go only to Baguio during summer every year C. Midcentric not too adventurous yet not too conservative in their choice of destinations. Most tourists belong to this category; ex: travelers to Puerto Galera

TYPES OF TOURISTS
II. Cohens Model Organized Mass Tourist goes on packaged tours, prefers the familiar environment Individual Mass Tourist Major arrangements made through a travel agent although tourist has some control over his itinerary and time allocations Explorer usually plans his own trip, avoids developed tourist attractions, mixes with locals but still protected by environmental bubble Drifter plans his own trip, avoids tourist attractions and lives with the locals, immerses in the host culture, partakes of the local food, lives in the local shelter and observes local habits and lifestyle

PURPOSE OF TRAVEL

Pleasure/Vacation people travel to enjoy, relax, and have fun Visit Friends or Relatives (VFR) - Aim is bonding (which means to strengthen personal ties) or meet new friends Business and Professional Reasons including conventions people under this category usually attend to their primary work objective first before undertaking their secondary objective of holiday Health/Treatment includes traditional health relaxation and rejuvenation (such as spa, massage) and medical tourism Religion or Pilgrimage includes pilgrimage to Mecca by Muslims and visits to holy shrines like Jerusalem, Lourdes, and Fatima

TRAVEL MOTIVATION
Motivation an internal factor that arouses, directs and integrates a persons behavior. It is the reason behind what people do. It deals with the innate need of a person to go to a place The most common model is Abraham Maslows Theory of Motivation

MODELS/THEORIES ON TRAVEL MOTIVATION

A. Push-Pull Theory/Model Push Factors socio-psychological or personal motives. Involves anomie (mans need for love and affection), ego enhancement, increased wealth Pull factors motives aroused by the destination such as white sand, beach B. Wanderlust-Sunlust Theory Wanderlust motives that cause individuals to want to experience different existing cultures and places or historically significant areas Sunlust the desire to experience different or better facilities outside ones place of residence