Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Prepared by: SAPANA JHA

 Organelle little organs; the parts of the cell that act as if they are specialized little organs. Cytoplasm the portion of the cell that is outside the nucleus in the eukaryotic cell.

1. Nucleus
Control center of the cell. Contains most of the cells genetic material (DNA) (DNA is in chromatin form.) Surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope (w/pores) May contain several nucleoli

2. Ribosome
The site of protein synthesis Proteins are assembled on the ribosome. Each ribosome is made up of two subunits. (assembled in the nucleolus made of RNA)

3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tubular membrane system Rough ER is studded with ribosomes Smooth ER lacks ribosomes ER is the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled (along with proteins and other materials exported from the cell.) Materials can travel through the ER or can be pinched off of the ER (origin of intracellular transport vesicles that carry proteins)

4. Golgi Apparatus
A system of flattened sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages macromolecules in vesicles for secretion or for delivery to other organelles.

5. Lysosome
A sac containing strong digestive enzymes (vesicle) Is used for intracellular digestion and the recycling of older cell organelles. They originate (pinch off) from the Golgi Apparatus.

6. Vacuole
A large storage sac May occupy more than 50% of volume in plant cells. In addition to water, may store nutrients and waste materials. Helps maintain pressure in the plant cell e.g. keeps plant from wilting when full of water

7. Mitochondria
Double membrane organelle Convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. (Cell Respiration) Contain small amounts of DNA Can be hundreds per cell

8. Chloroplast
A double membrane organelle They capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. (solar power plants) Light absorbing pigments are found in the chloroplasts. (chlorophyll)

9. Cytoskeleton
Support network made of protein.

Two main types: 1. Microfilaments 2. Microtubules

 Microfilaments threadlike structures made of the protein actin. They provide a tough yet flexible framework that supports a cell. They are constantly dissolved and rebuilt movement in amoeba

Microtubules hollow structures made of tubulin proteins. They help the cell maintain its shape. Important in cell division form the mitotic spindle. They also help build projections from the cell surface cilia and flagella.

10. Centrioles
Cylindrical structures formed of microtubules Occur in pairs during animal cell division produce mitotic spindle