Prospective Projection

By Hemlata Andola

Prospective Drawing

Type of drawing that more closely resembles the way we see things in the real world. This is a technical drawing which is ones own interpretation of what one sees. A perspective projection is pretty much what we interpret as 3D. When drawing in perspective, we can vary our point of view. This is not true in either isometric or oblique drawings , both of which have a fixed point of view and appearance.

Changing the location of the vanishing point will cause a change in the appearance of the perspective drawing. The advantage of perspective drawing is that it makes objects appear more realistic The first requirement when setting up a perspective view of an object is to obtain accurate information. This information is generally in the form of plan, elevation, and sections. These comes under orthographic projection.

Orthographic Projection

Orthographic projection is a way of drawing an 3D object from different directions. Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the important sides. Orthographic projection is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions, by means of related views.

Orthographic Projection
First angle projection

Third angle projection

When the projection is made by first drawing the plan, then the front view (elevation) immediately above and the side view (end elevation) beside the front elevation. Used in Europe.

In this the plan is immediately above the elevation of the front face of the object. And the end elevation is placed next to the front elevation. Used by Americans.

Station Point

This is the chosen point from which the object is to be viewed. Also known as observer, viewing point or eye position.

Center Line Of Vision

Also known as the direct line of vision or direct line of sight. It is a line from the station point to the center of interest of the object. This line is always represented as vertical line in perspective drawing

Cone Of Vision

The normal maximum range within which it is possible to see clearly and easily is known as cone of vision. The cone of vision is accepted as being a cone of less than 90 and is seldom if ever shown as more then 60. For the purpose of perspective drawing it is usually limited to 60 or less.

Picture Plane

This is an imaginary vertical plane on which the perspective drawing is supposed to be done.

In perspective drawing the picture plane is an imaginary plane, normally at 90 to the ground plane. It can be placed in front of, behind of, even through the

THE EFFECT OF MOVING PICTURE PLANE

Vanishing Point

Any two or more parallel lines will, if extended indefinitely, appear to converge at a point. This point is known as vanishing point. In perspective drawing it is necessary to locate exactly the vanishing points for parallel

VAINISHING POINT IN A RECTENGULAR OBJECT

Height Lines

Line used for measuring all vertical heights.

Horizon Line

It is the line produced on picture plane by the intersection of the horizontal plane through the eye level of the spectator.

Ground Line

Intersection of ground plane and picture plane.

DRAWING THE PERSPECTIVE

Two point perspective

STEP 1- OBTAIN INFORMATION

STEP 2- LOCATE THE STATION POINT AND THE DIRECTION OF VIEW

STEP 3- CENTER LINE OF VISION TO BE VERTICAL..

STEP 4- CHECK THE LOCATION OF THE STATION POINT WITH THE CONE OF VISION

STEP 5- LOCATE THE PICTURE PLANE AT 90 TO CENTER LINE OF VISION.

STEP 6- LOCATE VANISHING POINTS

STEP 7- LOCATE THE HEIGHT LINE

STEP 8- LOCATE THE HORIZON LINE AND PROJECT UP TO LOCATE VANISHIVG POINT.

STEP 9- LOCATE THE GROUND LINE

STEP 10- LOCATE HEIGHT OF OBJECT ON THE HEIGHT LINE AND TOP AND BOTTOM LINES OF SIDE A-B IN PERSPECTIVE VIEW

STEP 11- VISUAL RAYS USED TO LOCATE POINTS A AND B IN PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE OBJECT.

STEP 12- VISUAL RAYS AND PERSPECTIVE LINES TO COMPLETE THE PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF THE OBJECT.

ONE POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

Perspective drawing can use one, two or three vanishing points. One-point perspective is often used for room interiors. Two-point perspective has many applications for developing ideas in 3D. Three-point perspective is often used for drawings of tall buildings.

projection: a representation of a threedimensional solid on a two-dimensional surface