1st meeting of the Oslo Group on Energy Statistics 6 8 February 2006, Oslo

Overview of new and renewable energy data availability, classifications

Kroly Kovcs, Chief, Energy Statistics Section, United Nations Statistics Division

Energy challanges
World energy demand is increasing Energy related environmental impacts continue to grow Access to affordable energy is
2.4 billion people are without clean, safe cooking fuel and depend on traditional biomass 1.6 billion people are without electricity

Energy consumption by fuel type, 1980 and 2002

1980 2002

Source: EIA: International Energy Outlook 2004

World Primary Energy Consumption by Fuel Type, 1970-2025

History 250

Projections 39%

200

Quadrillion Btu

150

Oil Natural Gas

25% 23%

100 Coal 50 Renewables Nuclear 8% 5%

0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Source: EIA, International Energy Outlook 2004

Energy challanges
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002), the International Conference for Renewable Energy (Bonn, 2004) renewable energy as a critical component for poverty alleviation and for sustainable development Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference promotion of renewable energy for improving access to energy services, increasing job opportunities, improving air quality, public health, enhancing energy security and offering a new paradigm for international cooperation

New and renewable energy

Refers to energy resources which are naturally replenished:
Wind, Solar, Hydropower, Biomass, Geothermal energy Ocean energy

Renewable energy is mainly produced and used domestically

Renewable Energy Contribution to the Global Primary Energy in 2004

Source: E. Martiono: Renewables 2005 Global Status Report

New and renewable energy current developments

By the end of 2004, renewable energy supplies 17 per cent of the total primary energy. Traditional biomass (for cooking and heating) is growing just slowly as it is used more efficiently or replaced by more modern energy sources; Large hydropower is growing slowly New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal and biofuel) are growing very rapidly.

Average Annual Growth Rates of Renewable Energy Capacity, 20002004

Source: E. Martiono: Renewables 2005 Global Status Report

Cost of electricity production from different resources (cent/kWh) estimate

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Biomass Hydropower Wind Natural Gas Coal

Source: C. Falvin, Worldwatch Institute, presented at the World Renewable Energy Forum, Bonn, May 30, 2004.

New and renewable energy investments

Modern applications of renewable energy have grown steadily over the past three decades The investment to developing renewable energy capacities in countries is growing rapidly (from $6 billion in 1995 to $30 billion in 2004)
Annual investment in renewable energy, 1995-2004

Resource potential
Renewable resource potentials exceeds todays world energy consumptions
Estimated renewable energy source potentials

Source: NREL

Renewable energy policies and targets

Policy promotions/policy targets exist in 50 countries. Most of them are targeting share of renewable energy in the electricity generation (typically 5 30 per cent)

Comparison of Renewable Energy Definitions

Product details are different Definitions are different if they exist Breakdown differences Correspondence with internationally recognized classifications is not sufficient if exists

Comparison of Renewable Energy Definitions Sample

Definition Renewable energy CODED: code 5500 N/A UNSD IEA Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. EUROSTAT Renewable energies cover hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass and wastes and geothermal energy. Renewable energies are the sum of hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, biomass & wastes and geothermal energy. EIA Renewable energy resources: Energy resources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. Renewable energy resources include: biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action. FAO Renewable energy consists of energy produced and/or derived from sources infinitely renovated (hydro, solar, wind) or generated by combustible renewables (sustainably produced biomass); usually expressed in energy units and, in the case of fuels, based on net calorific values. WRI Renewables, excluding Hydroelectric shows the amount of energy consumed from renewable sources such as wind; tide, wave and ocean; thermal and photovoltaic solar; primary solid biomass; liquid biomass and biogas; and geothermal systems.

Comparison of Renewable Energy Definitions Sample

(Continued)
Definition Charcoal
H.S.4402. 00 FORESTPRO D 4121 FORESTPRO D 4221

UNSD Charcoal: Solid residue, consisting mainly of carbon, obtained by the destructive distillation of wood in the absence of air.

IEA Charcoal: Covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material.

EUROSTAT 1. Wood Charcoal: Wood carbonised by partial combustion or the application of heat from external sources. It includes charcoal used as a fuel or for other uses, e.g. as a reduction agent in metallurgy or as an absorption or filtration medium. It is reported in metric tonnes. 2. Charcoal: Covers the solid residue of the destructive distillation and pyrolysis of wood and other vegetal material. N/A N/A

EIA

FAO Charcoal: refers to a solid residue derived from the carbonization, distillation, pyrolysis and torrefaction of wood (from the trunks and branches of trees) and wood byproducts, using continuous or batch systems (pit, brick and metal kilns). It also includes charcoal briquettes. Black liquor: is the alkaline-spent liquor obtained from the digesters in the production of sulphate or soda pulp during the process of paper production, in which the energy content is mainly derived from the content of lignin removed from the wood in the pulping process. N/A

WRI

Black liquor:

N/A

Black liquor: This is a recycled by-product formed during the pulping of wood in the paper making industry. In this process, lignin in the wood is separated from cellulose, with the latter forming the paper fibers. Black liquor is the combination of the lignin residue with water and the chemicals used for the extraction of the lignin and is burned in a recovery boiler. The boiler produces steam and electricity and recovers the inorganic chemicals for recycling throughout the process.

Black liquor: A byproduct of the paper production process, alkaline spent liquor, that can be used as a source of energy. Alkaline spent liquor is removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the residual black liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain basic chemicals.

See solid biomass

Availability of Renewable Energy Information

Annual data is available for different time period Special editions are available: general or by the type of the renewable energy Coverage is member countries

Availability of Renewable Energy Information Sample

Description UNSD IEA EIA Eurostat FAO WRI Online Searchable Database/ Data-table
Products in Statistical Data 1. Fuelwood 2. Charcoal 3.Alcohole 4.Bagass 5. Animal Waste 6. Municipal Waste 7. Industrial Waste 8. Other Non Commercial Energy Sources 9.Pulp and paper waste 10. Vegetable Waste 1. Municipal waste 2. Inductrial waste 3.Primary Solid Biomass 4. Biogas 5. Liquid Biofuels 6. Geothermal 7.Solar thermal 8. Hydro 9. Solar PV 10. Tide/Wave/Ocean, 11. Wind International Data: 1.World Renewable Consumption Hydroelectric 2. World Renewable Consumption from other renewables (Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Wood , Waste) 1.total energy production from Renewable Sources 2.solar heat 3. biomass 4. geothermal 5.wastes 6.hydro 7.wind 8. Solar PV 9.Biofuels FAOSTAT Forestry 1. Wood Charcoal 2. Wood Fuel 3. Wood Residues WEIS-1. Fuelwood 2. charcoal 3. black liquor (woodfuels) 1. Biogas 2. Liquid Biomass 3. Geothermal 4. solar 5. wind 6. wave 7. Hydroelectric 8. Solid Biomass (includes fuelwood)

US Data: 1.Biomass (wood & wood waste, Municipal Solid Waste, Landfill Gas ) 2. Geothermal (Geothermal Heat Pump) 3. Hydro (Conventional) 4. Solar (Thermal, PV) 5. Wind 6. Alternative Transportation Fuels 7. Alternative Fueled Vehicles 8. Ethanol

Recommendations
Harmonization of definitions to enhance comparability on the international level Developing correspondence for each product to enhance data collection on the country level and comparability of data on the international level Collecting best practices in designing and executing data collection of renewables; producing statistics on renewables