FLUID DYNAMICS

Centrifugal Pump,Compressor,Fan And Blower

st 1

Group Member

Awais Farman Shakeel Ahmed Ayad Habib Zeshan Talha

(2010-Ch-07) (2010-Ch-17) (2010-Ch-25) (2010-Ch-29) (2010-Ch-49) (2010-Ch-51) (2010-Ch-59) (2010-Ch-69)

1st member

Centrifugal

Compressors

Compressor..!
Construction

Casing
Horizontally Split Vertically Split
Pro & Cons of Both

Compressor..! Impellers!

Open Impeller

Semi-Enclosed Impeller

Enclosed Impeller

Compressor
Diaphragm
Located before the adjacent impeller eye.

Guide Vanes
Function

Diaphragm

Guide Vane

Centrifugal

Fan

Fan..
A fan is a powered device used to create flow within a gas, usually air. Types of fans
Axial fans Centrifugal fans (home furnaces, hair dryers, vacuum cleaners)

Special type fans

Fans!
Purpose To supply the necessary static pressure to move air in a ventilation or exhaust system.

Basic classifications of air moving devices

Ejectors Fans

Types of Fans
1)

Centrifugal Fans

Rotating impeller increases air velocity

Air speed is converted to pressure

High pressures for harsh conditions
High temperatures Moist/dirty air streams Material handling

Categorized by blade shapes

Radial Forward curved Backward inclined

Types of Fan! 1.1Centrifugal Fans Radial fans

Advantages
High pressure and temp Simple design High durability Efficiency up to 75% Large running clearances

Disadvantages
Suited for low/medium Air flow rates only

Types of Fans.!
1.2Centrifugal Fans Forward curved

Advantages
Large air volumes against low pressure Relative small size Low noise level

Disadvantages
Not high pressure / harsh service Difficult to adjust fan output Careful driver selection Low energy efficiency 55-65%

(Canadian Blower)

Types of Fan!
1.3- Centrifugal Fans - Backward-inclined
Advantages Operates with changing static pressure Suited for high flow and forced draft services Efficiency >85% Disadvantages Not suited for dirty airstreams Instability and erosion risk

Types of Fans!
2Axial Fans
Work like airplane propeller:
Blades create aerodynamic lift Air is pressurized Air moves along fan axis

Popular with industry: compact, low cost and light weight

Applications
Ventilation (requires reverse airflow) Exhausts (dust, smoke, steam)

Types of Fan!
2.1- Axial Fans Propeller fans
Advantages
High airflow at low pressure Little ductwork Inexpensive Suited for rooftop ventilation Reverse flow

Disadvantages
Low energy efficiency Noisy

Types of Fan!
2.2Axial Fans Tube axial fans Advantages
High pressures to overcome duct losses Suited for medium-pressure, high airflow rates Quick acceleration Space efficient

Disadvantages
Expensive Moderate noise Low energy efficiency 65%

Types of Fan!
2.3-Axial Fans Vane axial fans Advantages
Suited for medium/high pressures Quick acceleration Suited for direct motor shaft connection Most energy efficient 85%

Disadvantages
Expensive

Types of Fan!
Special Types of Fans
1 -Inline centrifugal fans: Backward inclined blades are used. Pressure versus flow rate performance curves are similar to centrifugal fans. Space requirements are similar to axial fans. 2. -Power roof ventilators: Packaged units that can be either axial flow or centrifugal type. Centrifugal type discharges around the periphery of the ventilator. 3. -Fan and dust collector combination: Fans and dust collectors are packaged in a unit.
Power exhausters and air foil are other special type fans.

Selection of Fan
Fan Selection
Considerations for fan selection are :

1. Capacity:
Flow rate based on system requirements. Expressed as actual cubic feet per minute (acfm). Pressure requirement based on system pressure requirements. Expressed as FSP or FTP in inches of water gauge.

2. Air stream:
Material handled through fan. Small amount of smoke or dust - backward inclined centrifugal or axial fan is selected. Light dust fume or moisture - backward inclined or radial fan is preferred. Heavy particulate loading - radial fan is selected. Explosive or flammable material. Spark resistant construction is used. Explosion proof motor is used.

Selection of Fan!
3- Physical Limitations: Fan size is determined by Performance requirements Inlet size and location Fan weight The most efficient fan size may not fit the physical space available. 4- Drive arrangements: Electric motor is the power source of fans. Unlike packaged fans, for larger units the motor is coupled directly to the fan or indirectly by a belt drive.

Selection of Fans!

Direct drive: Offers more compact assembly and assures constant fan speed. Fan speeds are limited to available motor speeds. Belt drive: Offers flexibility in changing the fan speed. Important in applications where changes in system capacity or pressure requirements are needed.

Standard drive arrangements are:

5- Noise:

Generated by turbulence within he fan housing. White noise which is a mixture of all frequencies is mostly produced. Radial blade fans produce a pure tone at a frequency BPF. BPF = rpm * n * CF. Where: BPF - blade passage frequency. RPM - rotational rate. N - number of blades. CF - conversion factor, 1/60.

Selection of Fans!

Safety and accessories:

Safety guards are required at inlet, outlet, shaft, drive

and cleanout doors. Accessories help in future maintenance requirements. Flow control can be done using dampers. Outlet dampers: Mounted on the fan outlet. Adds resistance to the system when partially closed. Inlet dampers: Mounted on the fan inlet. Pre-spins air into the impeller. Lowers operating horsepower.

Selection of Fans!
Various factors effecting fan selection are:
Volume required (cfm) Fan static pressure Type of material handled Explosive or inflammable material Direct driven vs belt driven Space limitations Noise Operating temperature Efficiency Corrosive applications

Blower

Blowers!
Definition
A ducted centrifugal fan, especially when used in a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system. A supercharger on an internal-combustion engine. A device to increase the draught of a locomotive.

Blower

Working Gas enters from inlet. Comes in contact with fan wheel which is mounted on a hub. The hub turns on a drive shaft that passes through the fan housing. Centrifugal force is applied on air as it passes through fan blade and exit the fan housing.

Internal parts!
Housing Impeller Ribs or Blades Drive Mechanism Inlet and Outlet Dampers

Types
Air blower Hot air blower High pressure blower

High pressure blower

Oil free multi-stage centrifugal blower

Regenerative blower
High pressure centrifugal blower

Air Blower
Capacity Features 56 - 84 m/min | AB 84
Integrated power cord storage.

1-Robust, impact-proofed, plastic housing and transport wheels.

2-In addition the AB 84 has a ergonomic foldable upright handle and large 3-Powerful radial fan and aerodynamic moulded housing. 4-Three speeds of air movement possible. 5-Built-in carpet clip for loosley laid carpets. 6-Reduces drying time considerably.