PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS

RISK FACTORS

Age Genetic factors Major Joint Trauma Obesity Metabolic/endocrine disorders

imbalance in the natural breakdown and repair process that occurs with cartilage

altering the tissue homeostasis of articular cartilage and subchondral bone

abnormal integrin expression alters cell/ECM signaling and modifies chondrocyte synthesis imbalance of destructive cytokines over regulatory factors IL-1, TNF-alpha and other pro-catabolic cytokines activate the enzymatic degradation of cartilage matrix

not counterbalanced by adequate synthesis of inhibitors

Pinch/crowd nerve Pain

Formation of Osteocytes

Narrowing of joint spaces

Decrease in synovial fluid

Pressure between joint Pain

Obliteration of joint space

Degeneration of cartilage Continuous use of joint Disappearing of full thickness of articular cartilage

Difficulty of movement

Wear and tear of articular cartilage

OSTEOARTHRITIS