1) POWER SYSTEM Reduce transmission loss Enable economical transmission of power over long distance 2) ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS To step

tep down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage circuits Electrically isolates the end user from contact with the supply voltage .

 To transfer electrical energy over long distances

(from power plants to load centers) In modern power system electric energy is generated at voltages between 12 to 25 kV, step up voltage - 110 kV to 1200 kV (transmission) step down voltage- 33 kV or 24 kV( for local distribution) finally supply consumers voltages as low as 230 V, as 1 phase and 400 V as 3 phase

 The transformer is based on two principles

First: an electric current can produce a magnetic

field (electromagnetism) Second: a changing magnetic field within a coil of wire induces a voltage across the ends of the coil (electromagnetic induction). i.e..,Changing the current in the primary coil changes the magnetic flux that is developed. The changing magnetic flux induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

 an electrical transformer with only one winding. (same

winding act as both the primary and secondary) used to step up /down voltages of range 110-117-120 volt and 220-230-240 volt APPLICATIONS i)power distribution - to interconnect systems operating at different voltage classes ii) Audio -to adapt speakers to constant-voltage audio distribution systems -impedance matching such as between a low-impedance microphone and a high-impedance amplifier input.

 For three-phase supplies,

i) a bank of three individual single-phase transformers

can be used, ii)all three phases can be incorporated as a single three-phase transformer.

TYPES
i) Current Transformer - provide a current in its secondary coil proportional to the current flowing in its primary coil. ii)Potential Transformer - provides low secondary voltage. so allows protective relay equipment and measuring instruments to be operated at a lower voltages.
APPLICATIONS

i)measuring voltage and current in electrical power systems, ii)power system protection and control.

 higher leakage inductance than other transformers

provide current limitation due to the loose coupling

between its primary and the secondary windings output and input currents are low enough to prevent thermal overload under all load conditions
APPLICATIONS: arc welding and high voltage discharge lamps (neonlights and cold cathode fluorescent lamps, which are series-connected up to 7.5 kV AC)

 Audio transformers are those specifically designed for

use in audio circuits. APPLICATIONS low-level signals, such as those from microphones, often include shielding to protect against extraneous magnetically coupled signals.