Global Positioning System

By Chiraag Kisani

Global Positioning Systems

GPS is a revolutionary navigation system 24 satellites orbiting the earth Provide location within metres or less anywhere on the globe. Now available in many cars as an option Created and operated by the US Department of Defense

More about GPS satellites

Constellation of 27 satellites (24 active + 3 spare) Orbit 12,600 miles above earth (10,900 nautical miles) Satellites in 12 hour orbit First satellite launched in 1978, 24th became operational in 1994 Selective availability was removed in May, 2000 Handheld receivers are now much more accurate

Global Positioning Systems

GPS is a revolutionary navigation system 24 satellites orbiting the earth Provide location within metres or less anywhere on the globe. Now available in many cars as an option Created and operated by the US Department of Defense

How does GPS work?

Measuring distance by measuring time Satellites send coded signals indicating their position in space and the exact time the signals are being sent Receivers use the time it takes signal to travel from satellite to receiver to determine distance from satellite to receiver Information from multiple satellites is used to determine position through triangulation

How does GPS work?

How does GPS work?

More about GPS receivers

A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location.
Hand-held receivers for recreational use with accuracy of 10-15 metres Vehicle mounted receivers for navigation or agricultural use with accuracy of < 1 metre Backpack or tripod mounted receivers for surveying use with accuracy of 5 10 centimetres

More about GPS receivers

Receivers require clear line-of-sight; thus, they will not work indoors or where tall objects obscure the sky

Whats so cool about GPS?

GPS units Can be used as a digital compass Can be used to determine ground speed Can store landmarks (locations) Can be used for dynamic routing Can be used for mapping applications

Applications of GPS
In-vehicle Navigation (car, boat, airplane) Asset Management Construction Geologic Research & Mining Military Navigation and Operations Mapping & Surveying Precision Agriculture Public Health Public Safety Wireless Communications

Integrating GIS and GPS

Collect a series of latitude and longitude points using GPS receivers
add them into an existing digital map

Skills in
data collection/creation GPS reading observation

Digital photos

Collecting data
Collect data in the field using GPS
Write down point coordinates and additional data observations - OR Use tracking function of your unit to store points, lines, or polygons, and write down additional observations

Using the data you collect

Manually enter the coordinates and observations into a table (Excel, etc.)
Save as a .dbf file Use Add X,Y or Add Event Theme to create points on your map - OR -

Use your GPS unit cable to download the data from the unit to your computer

World Scenario
Developed by the United States Department of Defense, GPS is officially named NAVSTAR GPS Other satellite navigation systems in use or various states of development include: Beidou China's regional system that China has proposed to expand into a global system named COMPASS. Galileo a proposed global system being developed by the European Union, joined by China, Israel, India, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, and Ukraine, planned to be operational by 201112. GLONASS Russia's global system which is being restored to full availability in partnership with India. Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) India's proposed regional system. QZSS Japanese proposed regional system, adding better coverage to the Japanese Islands.

Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System

The Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system being developed by Indian Space Research Organisation which would be under total control of Indian government. Development The government approved the project in May 2006, with the intention it be implemented within six to seven years. The first satellite of the proposed constellation, developed at a cost of Rupee 1,600 crore (16 billion rupees), is expected to be launched in 2009.

For more information

Garmin website http://www.garmin.com/ Trimble GPS www.trimble.com/gps Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps How stuff works www.howstuffworks.com

Queries .

ThAnk yOU