Presenters: Muhammad Khairuddin bin Zul Akman Norhani binti Azmi Nurilani binti Sidik Nur Amira binti

Sidek Nur Hayatun Syamila Abdul Latif

HISTORY of UNITED NATIONS

Origins in World War II
Came from secret meeting between Franklin D.

Roosevelt and Winston Churchill - came up with Atlantic Charter but they wanted to create a wider and permanent system of general security This was to become the UN

Atlantic Charter

All countries should have a democratic government All countries would engage in trade freely with one another All countries would share in world prosperity All countries would seek to reduce their weaponry

Yalta Conference The Big Three agreed on the voting arrangements that would be used in the UN

Any nation in the UN included selfgoverning dominions would have one vote on issues (but USSR would have three vote However the Big Four have veto power to stop the introduction of a decision by the General Assembly

The Charter of the UN was drafted at the UN Conference on International Organization in San Francisco .. UN officially came into existence on October 24, 1945 after ratification of the Charter

Formation of UN
officially came into existence on 24 October 1945
had been ratified by a majority of the original 51

Member States The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day.

Purposes of Formation
is to bring all nations of the world together to work for

peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems.

 currently 192 Members of the United Nations

meet in the General Assembly, which is the closest

thing to a world parliament. United Nations Headquarters is in New York City but the land and buildings are international territory

 United Nations has its own flag, its own post office

and its own postage stamps official languages are used at the United Nations Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish UN European Headquarters is in the Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland

 has offices in Vienna, Austria and Economic

Commissions in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, Amman in Jordan, Bangkok in Thailand and Santiago in Chile. The senior officer of the United Nations Secretariat is the Secretary-General.

MAIN BODIES

Trusteeship Council

General Assembly
is the main deliberative organ of the UN and is

composed of representatives of all Member States. The work of the United Nations year-round derives largely from the mandates given by the General Assembly. A revitalization of the Assembly is under way to enhance its role, authority, effectiveness and efficiency

6 Main Committee
First Committee (Disarmament and International Security Committee) is concerned with disarmament and related international

security questions;

Second Committee (Economic and Financial Committee) is concerned with economic questions; Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee) deals

with social and humanitarian issues;

Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization Committee) deals with a variety of political subjects not dealt with by the First Committee, as well as with decolonization;

Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary Committee) deals with the administration and budget of the United Nations; and
Sixth Committee (Legal Committee) deals with international legal matters.

Programmes and Funds International Trade Centre (ITC) Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) United Nations Volunteers (UNV) United Nations Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) (2) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) Research and Training Institutes United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW) United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)

Security Council
The Security Council has primary responsibility, under

the UN Charter, for the maintenance of international peace and security. A reform of the Security Council, including its membership is under consideration."

Economic and Social Council

The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC),

established by the UN Charter, is the principal organ to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the United Nations and the specialized agencies and institutions.

 Regional Commissions
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia

and the Pacific (ESCAP) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

Trusteeship Council
"The Trusteeship Council was established in 1945 by

the UN Charter to provide international supervision for 11 Trust Territories placed under the administration of 7 Member States, and ensure that adequate steps were taken to prepare the Territories for self-government and independence.

International Court of Justice

"The International Court of Justice, located at the

Hague in the Netherlands, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. It settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions to the UN and its specialized agencies.

Secretariat
"The Secretariat carries out the day-to-day work of

the Organization. It services the other principal organs and carries out tasks as varied as the issues dealt with by the UN

Membership of UN
Membership is open to all peace - loving nations. Today there are about 200 countries in the UN - only very few have not become members. Switzerland joined the UN in 2002 because the Swiss always wanted to be neutral.

To keep peace throughout the world.

To be a centre.

OBJECTIVES

To develop friendly relations between nations.

to work together to help people

All Member States have sovereign equality. Countries should try to assist the United Nations.

All Member States must obey the Charter.

PRINCIPLES
The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country. Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means.

Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force.

Use of chemical weapons in Syria would be reprehensible UN chief

 Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon:

It would be reprehensible if anybody in Syria is contemplating use of such weapons of mass destruction, like chemical weapons
Syria is not a party to the Organisation for the

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

 The Syrian Government :

Use chemical and biological weapons against foreign attack-not use against its own citizens.
More than 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been

killed.
Tens of thousands displaced since the uprising

against President Bashar al-Assad began some 16 months ago.