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Individuals who are members of cultural ethnic groups are likely to take collective and organized actions to support public policies that will enhance the survival of the groups culture and ethnic institutions. The individuals ethnic cultural heritage is a source of pride and group identification.
group.
A political ethnic group is an ethnic group that has a sense of shared political interests and a feeling of political interdependence. The group responds to political issues collectively and tries to promote those public policies and programs that will enhance the interests of its members as a group.
Its members respond collectively to economic and political issues and try to promote public programs and policies that will further the interests of the group as a whole. African Americans and Mexican Americans come close to being holistic ethnic groups.
ETHNIC STUDIES
Ethnic studies can be defined as the scientific and humanistic study of the histories, cultures and experiences of ethnic groups within a society
The concept of ethnic studies suggests that a wide variety of ethnic groups are studied within a comparative framework. Students are helped to develop concepts, generalizations, and theories that they can use to better understand a range of human behavior (Banks, 2003).
Many of our efforts, however, must focus directly on reducing institutional individual,
Intergroup problems frequent arise, not because of the nature of the cultural differences between Whites and people of color, but because of the race of the individual or group who exhibits the specific cultural characteristics (Frankenberg, 1993).
The insights and knowledge from critical race theory can inform educators about the complex and insiduous ways racism is embedded in US institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities (Crenshaw, Gotanda, Peller & Thomas, 1995; Delgado, 1995; Sleeter & Bernal, 2004).
Educational theorists such as Tate and LadsonBillings have used insights and analyses, and
Teachers are even more important than the materials they use because the ways in which they present material greatly influence how they are viewed by students. Teachers must be strongly committed to a racially tolerant school atmosphere before such a setting can be created and maintained.
Unfortunately research indicates that many teachers display negative attitudes and behavior toward low-income students and students of color.
Reseach indicates that effective teacher inservice is essential if we are going to reduce institutional racism in the school setting (Cochran-Smith, Davis, & Fries, 2004).