A Seminar on AUTOMOBILE SAFETY

INTRODUCTION
Automobile Industry is undergoing a BIG TRANSFORMATION never seen before. Today CARs are not only used for personal Transport but they are ENCOMPASSED with
Entertainment that vies with the fedility of your HOME THEATRE Seating arrangement more comfortable than your RECLINER SAFETY FEATURES making your car safer than a TANK

Globally car companies Spend nearly $36 billon annually for influencing new TECHNOLOGIES into their cars.

Some of the big advancement in Automotive Industry in last 10years have come in a area of SAFETY.

In addition to Telematics based Services like

Digital Satellite Radio In car E-mail GPS systems

Recent Advancement in Braking Technology have led to

Shorter stopping distance Increased Control in PANIC situation More control on CURVED turns

Air Bags

Whats the main function of the System?

Material of Airbags?
History

Actual Working

Airbag Before Collision

Airbag After Collision

Inflation unit

How does it INFLATES?

Effectiveness
This system has proven its effectiveness In frontal crashes reduction in d rivers death reduced by nearly 14% Passenger side airbags reducing death by nearly 11% NHTSA estimated reduction in risk by nearly 85% with the combination of seat belt and airbags compared than only seatbelt i.e60%
Car Model Head Injury Risk Airbag Holden Commodore Toyota Camry Mitsubishi Magna Ford Falcon 28 20 6 14 No Airbag 48 44 27 N. A.

This are some crash results which give the effectiveness of the system

Different types of Airbags

DRIVERS SIDE AIRBAG

PASSENGER AIR BAG

Curtain Airbags

Anti-lock Braking System

Introduction?
Advancement in the system? Working?

Advancement in the system?

How Does the system Works?

Working
Conventional Braking
Whole process is controlled by driver applied break paddle pressure;

ABS Braking
Electric Sensors monitor the wheel speed ABS microprocessor Compares the wheel speed Control valve is energized.

Effectiveness

ABS on a test track

Advantages:
Achives the Shortest Stopping distance Better chance on Steering around obstacle Reduced risk of skidding

Disadvantages:
Precautions should be taken while driving Proved less effective on gravel road or road compacted by snow

Traction Control
Next Generation ABS Uses ABS as a Building block. Can be is a combination of ABS & Engine control

Mainly the system has to control some or all conditions

Retard or Suppress the spark to one or more cylinders Retard fuel supply to one or main cylinder Break one or more wheel

Close the throttle, if the vehicle is fitted by wire throttle

Electronic Stability Control

Main components of the system

A) active wheel speed sensors; B) steering angle sensor; C) Yaw rate sensor

D) attached electronic control unit (ECU)

E) motor; F) pressure sensor, G) hydraulic unit.

Steering Angle Sensor

Understeering (plowing out)

Oversteering (spinning out)

Some important ECS definitions

ESC augments vehicle directional stability by applying and adjusting the vehicle brakes individually to induce correcting yaw torques to the vehicle.

ESC is a computer-controlled system, which uses a close-loop algorithm to limit under steer and over steer of the vehicle when appropriate