RIZALS EDUCATION

Studies in Manila Studies in Europe

Early Education in Calamba and Bian

At the age of 3, Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother.
At the age of 5, while learning to read and write, Rizal already

showed inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay.
At the age of 8, Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga

Kabata," the theme of which revolves on the love of ones language.

Sa Aking Mga Kabata

Kapagka ang baya'y sadyang umiibig Sa kanyang salitang kaloob ng langit, Sanglang kalayaan nasa ring masapit Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid. Pagka't ang salita'y isang kahatulan Sa bayan, sa nayo't mga kaharian, At ang isang tao'y katulad, kabagay Ng alin mang likha noong kalayaan. Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda, Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa Na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala. Ang wikang Tagalog tulad din sa Latin Sa Ingles, Kastila at salitang anghel, Sapagka't ang Poong maalam tumingin Ang siyang naggawad, nagbigay sa atin. Ang salita nati'y huwad din sa iba Na may alfabeto at sariling letra, Na kaya nawala'y dinatnan ng sigwa Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una.

Early Education in Calamba and Bian

Rizals parents employed private tutors to give him lessons

at home. The first was Maestro Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua.
Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a former classmate

of Rizals father became his tutor. This teacher lived at the Rizal home and instructed Rizal in Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not live long. He died five months later.
After Monroys death, Rizals parents decided to send their

gifted son to a private school in Bian.

First Day in Bian School

Paciano enrolled Rizal to the school of Maestro Justiniano

Aquino Cruz.
Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal, who was angry at this bully

for making fun of him during his conversation with the teacher, challenged Pedro to a fight. Rizal having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.
After class, a classmate named Andres Salandanan

challenged him to an arm-wrestling match. Rizal having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.

Best Student in School

In academic studies, Rizal beat all Binan boys. He surpassed

them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.

They were all jealous of his intellectual superiority that they

wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Rizal had a fight outside the school, and even told lies to discredit him before the teachers eyes. Consequently the teacher had to punish Rizal.
He received many whippings and strokes from the ferule.

Rare was the day when he was not stretched on the bench for a whipping or punished with five or six blows on the open palm.

Highlights of Rizals stay in Bian

Rizal learned about the Hongkong General Sir John

Bowring, who paid his uncle Jose Alberto a visit.

Bowrings popular writings include:

(1) In the Cross of Christ I Glory (2) Watchman: Tell us of the Night
Bowring mentioned of a Philippine History book written by

a certain Spaniard Morga

Rizals Early Religiosity

Teodora had a vow to have a pilgrimage to the Virgin of

Peace and Good Voyage (Antipolo)Rizal learned about the Hongkong General Sir John Bowring, who paid his uncle Jose Alberto a visit. June 6, 1868 pilgrimage to Antipolo with the Father At the age of 5, able to read the Spanish family Bible (Historia Sagrada) Grew from a religious family Schooled in catholic schools

Precedent Events to the Ignatian Life

Paciano Rizals brother was studying at Colegio de San

Jose under the tutelage of Fr. Jose Burgos Cavite Mutiny January 20 1872 led by Sergeant Lamadrid GOMBURZA execution February 17, 1872 Arrest of Teodora Rizal took and Passed the entrance test in Letran June 10, 1872 Rizal Matriculated at Ateneo Fr. Magin Ferrando (school registrar) denied Rizals entry Fr. Manuel Xerez-Burgos (nephew of Fr. Burgos) interceded

Education in Ateneo
1768 - Jesuits were expelled

from the archipelago 1859 Jesuits returned 1865 - Ateneo Municipal de Manila offered secondary course (equivalent to college?) Fr. Jose Bech first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo

Rizals Rigid Schedule

Study and reading until 4 p.m.

Some of the books read by Rizal: ( 1) The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas (2 ) Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor (Fyodor) Jagor 4 5 exercise 5 6 social and misc obligations

Ateneo Municipal de Manila

Rizal was a member of the academy of Spanish Literature

and the Academy of Natural Sciences.

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez noticed Rizals proficiency

in Spanish language Fr. Jose Villaclara influenced the scientific attitude of Rizal He wrote Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light and The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education which showed the importance of religion in education.

Through Education the Motherland Receives Light

The vital breath of prudent Education Instills a virtue of enchanting power; She lifts the motherland to highest station And endless dazzling glories on her shower. And as the zephyr's gentle exhalation Revives the matrix of the fragrant flower, So education multiplies her gifts of grace; With prudent hand imparts them to the human race. For her a mortal-man will gladly part With all he has; will give his calm repose; For her are born all science and all art, That brows of men with laurel fair enclose. As from the towering mountain's lofty heart The purest current of the streamlet flows, So education without stint or measure gives Security and peace to lands in which she lives. Where Education reigns on lofty seat Youth blossoms forth with vigor and agility; He error subjugates with solid feet, And is exalted by conceptions of nobility. She breaks the neck of vice and its deceit; Black crime turns pale at Her hostility; The barbarous nations She knows how to tame, From savages creates heroic fame. And as the spring doth sustenance bestow On all the plants, on bushes in the mead, Its placid plenty goes to overflow And endlessly with lavish love to feed The banks by which it wanders, gliding slow, Supplying beauteous nature's every need; So he who prudent Education doth procure The towering heights of honor will secure. From out his lips the water, crystal pure, Of perfect virtue shall not cease to go. With careful doctrines of his faith made sure, The powers of evil he will overthrow, Like foaming waves that never long endure, But perish on the shore at every blow; And from his good example other men shall learn Their upward steps toward the heavenly paths to turn. Within the breast of wretched humankind She lights the living flame of goodness bright; The hands of fiercest criminal doth bind; And in those breasts will surely pour delight Which seek her mystic benefits to find, Those souls She sets aflame with love of right. It is a noble fully-rounded Education That gives to life its surest consolation.

Through Education the Motherland Receives Light

And as the mighty rock aloft may tower Above the center of the stormy deep In scorn of storm, or fierce Sou'wester's power, Or fury of the waves that raging seep, Until, their first mad hatred spent, they cower, And, tired at last, subside and fall asleep, -So he that takes wise Education by the hand, Invincible shall guide the reigns of motherland. On sapphires shall his service be engraved, A thousand honors to him by his land be granted: For in their bosoms will his noble sons have saved Luxuriant flowers his virtue had transplanted: And by the love of goodness ever laved, The lords and governors will see implanted To endless days, the Christian Education, Within their noble, faith-enrapture nation. And as in early morning we behold The ruby sun pour forth resplendent rays; And lovely dawn her scarlet and her gold, Her brilliant colors all about her sprays; So skillful noble Teaching doth unfold To living minds the joy of virtuous ways. She offers our dear motherland the light That leads us to immortal glory's height.

Intimate Alliance between Education and Religion As the climbing ivy over lofty elm
Creeps tortuously, together the adornment Of the verdant plain, embellishing Each other and together growing, But should the kindly elm refuse its aid The ivy would impotent and friendless wither; So is Education to Religion By spiritual alliance firmly bound. Through Religion, Education gains renown, and Woe to the impious mind that blindly spurning The sapient teachings of Religion, this Unpolluted fountainhead forsakes. As the sprout, growing from the pompous vine, Proudly offers us its honeyed clusters While the generous and freshning waters Of celestial virtue give new life To Education true, shedding On it warmth and light; because of them The vine smells sweet and gives delicious fruit. Without Religion, Human Education Is like unto a vessel struck by winds Which, sore beset, is of its helm deprived By the roaring blows and buffets of the dread Tempestuous Boreas [The north wind -ly], who fiercely wields His power until he proudly sends her down Into the deep abysses of the angered sea. As heavens dew the meadow feeds and strengthens So that blooming flowers all the earth Embroider in the days of spring; so also If Religion holy nourishes Education with its doctrines, she Shall walk in joy and generosity Toward the Good, and everywhere bestrew The fragrant and luxuriant fruits of Virtue. 19 April 1876.

Mi Primera Inspiracion
Why falls so rich a spray of fragrance from the bowers of the balmy flowers upon this festive day? Why from woods and vales do we hear sweet measures ringing that seem to be the singing of a choir of nightingales? Why in the grass below do birds start at the wind's noises, unleashing their honeyed voices as they hop from bough to bough? Why should the spring that glows its crystalline murmur be tuning to the zephyr's mellow crooning as among the flowers it flows? Why seems to me more endearing, more fair than on other days, the dawn's enchanting face among red clouds appearing? The reason, dear mother, is they feast your day of bloom: the rose with its perfume, the bird with its harmonies. And the spring that rings with laughter upon this joyful day with its murmur seems to say: "Live happily ever after! And from that spring in the grove now turn to hear the first note that from my lute I emote to the impulse of my love!

Early Religious Writings

TO THE VIRGIN MARY Dear Mary, giving comfort and sweet peace To all afflicted mortals; thou the spring Whence flows a current of relief, to bring Our soil fertility that does not cease; Upon thy throne, where thou dost reign on high, Oh, list with pity as I woeful grieve And spread thy radiant mantle to receive My voice which rises swiftly to the sky. Placid Mary, thou my mother dear, My sustenance, my fortitude must be, And in this fearsome sea my way must steer. If deprivation comes to buffet me, And if grim death in agony draws near, Oh, succor me, from anguish set me free

Early Religious Writings

To the child Jesus How, God-child, hast Thou come to earth in cave forlorn? Does fortune now deride Thee When Thou art scarcely born?

Ah, woe! Celestial king

Who mortal form doesnt keep, Wouldst rather than be Sovereign, Be shepherd of Thy Sheep?

Other writings & works

In Memory of My Village ( 1876) Sculpture The Sacred Heart of Jesus Sculpture The Power of Science over Death Farewell Dialogue with the Students

The Atenean Degree

March 23, 1877 Bachelor of Arts (Highest Honor)

Education in Manila
April 1877 Rizal

matriculated at the University of Santo Tomas Studied Philosophy and Letters during his first year 1878- Shifted to Medicine specializing in Ophthalmology when he found out that his mother was going blind November 25, 1881 the title surveyor (He finished surveying in Ateneo)

University of Santo Tomas

1879 - joined the poetry contest sponsored by Manila Lyceum of Art and Literature
To The Filipino Youth won the First Price (dedicated to the Youthful Filipino members of the El Juventud Escolar which was suppressed in 1872)

The Councils of Gods (Rizals entry to the same competition December 8, 1880 wrote the play Al Junto Pasig (Beside the Pasig)

To The Filipino Youth

Hold high the brow serene, O youth, where now you stand; Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen, Fair hope of my fatherland! Come now, thou genius grand, And bring down inspiration; With thy mighty hand, Swifter than the wind's violation, Raise the eager mind to higher station. Thou, whose voice divine Rivals Philomel's refrain And with varied line Through the night benign Frees mortality from pain; Thou, who by sharp strife Wakest thy mind to life ; And the memory bright Of thy genius' light Makest immortal in its strength ;

Come down with pleasing light Of art and science to the fight, O youth, and there untie The chains that heavy lie, Your spirit free to blight. See how in flaming zone Amid the shadows thrown, The Spaniard'a holy hand A crown's resplendent band Proffers to this Indian land.
Thou, who now wouldst rise On wings of rich emprise, Seeking from Olympian skies Songs of sweetest strain, Softer than ambrosial rain;

And thou, in accents clear Of Phoebus, to Apelles dear ; Or by the brush's magic art Takest from nature's store a part, To fig it on the simple canvas' length ;
Go forth, and then the sacred fire Of thy genius to the laurel may aspire ; To spread around the fame, And in victory acclaim, Through wider spheres the human name. Day, O happy day, Fair Filipinas, for thy land!

University of Santo Tomas

Rizals political thinking was influenced by the period of enlightenment Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican Institution of higher learning because:
(1) the Dominican professors were hostile to him (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain . He could no longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and the hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.

Education in Europe
May 3, 1882 left Philippines

secretly -Traveled alone to Europe

Madrid in May 1882

Continued his studies in

Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid

Degree of Licentiate in Medicine

in June 21, 1884

Degree of Philosophy and

Letters in June 19, 1885

Spain as a realization
It was a venue for realizing Rizals dreams. He finished his studies in Madrid and this to him was the

realization of the bigger part of his ambition.

His vision broadened to the point of awakening in him an

understanding of human nature, sparking in him the realization that his people needed him.
It must have been this sentiment that prompted him to

pursue, during the re-organizational meeting of the CirculoHispano-Filipino, to be one of its activities, the publication of a book to which all the members would contribute papers on the various aspects and conditions of Philippines life.

The Diariong Tagalog

August 20, 1882 published El Amor Patria in The Diariong

Tagalog, with a pen-name Laong-Laan

Marcelo Del Pilar Translated the El Amor Patria into Tagalog Francisco Calco Editor in chief of Diariong Tagalog

Other articles of Rizal in Diariong Tagalog:

1 Los Viajes (Travels) 2 Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) not published anymore because the publication had ceased

The Circulo - Hispano

Filipino student organization Pablo Ortiga vice president of the council of the Philippines They Asked me for Verses Mr Juan Atayde Spaniard born in Manila - a Military Officer

Supporter of the Circulo

On Masonry
1883 Rizal joined Masonic Lodge Acacia in Madrid

Reasons: 1 Because of its liberal ideas 2 Because of its scientific attitude 3 Possible help of the Masons in Rizals crusade??
November 15, 1890 Rizal became Master Mason in Lodge

Solidaridad

On Masonry
..Masonry preaches and practices the sacred principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity among all men and they compose the Masonic virtues, the only virtues whose practice would banish among men wars and abuses and bring about that state of which all great reformers dream. In this concept, for the present, virtue has no other temple but the Masonic temple from which emerge some gleams of light that illuminate the minds of many lay thinkers. In this concept. Virtue is no longer a barren, rare, unnatural, fierce or devout quality. Virtue

The Banquet Speech

1884 National Exhibition of Fine Arts in Madrid June 25, 1884 Banquet Speech (called Brindis) at Caf Ingles

Juan Luna Spolarium First Place Felix Ressurection Hidalgo Christian Virgin Exposed to populace Second Place
December 11, 1884 Teodora sent letter to Rizal warning him

of the possible effects of the Speech

The Brindis
. In reflecting on their canvasses the splendiferous rays

of unfading glory with which they surround their native land, both express the spirit of our social, moral, and spiritual life: mankind subjected to harsh tests; unredeemed mankind; reason and aspiration in an open struggle with preoccupations, fanaticism, and injustices..

..I drink then to the health of our artists, Luna and Hidalgo. I drink to the health of the Filipino youth, sacred hope of my native land, that they may imitate such precious examples so that Mother Spain implement soon the reforms she has contemplated for a long time. The furrow is ready and the ground is not

Spain as a realization
Read books:

Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe The Wandering Jew by Eugene Sue

June 24, 1884 - Rizal joined and won Greek competition

Other writing: Hymn To Work

Spain as a realization
The proposal for the book was unanimously approved. But afterwards, difficulties and objections were raised, and

a number of gentlemen stood up and refused to discuss the matter any further in 1884.
Rizal decided not to press the issue any longer. Although the book was never written, the next year, Pedro

Paterno published his Ninay, a novel sub-titled Costumbres filipinas (Philippines Customs), thus partly fulfilling the original purpose of Rizals plan.

Noli Me Tangere
The idea of writing a novel grew

on him, and later he decided to write and worked hard for Noli Me Tangere
He never told anyone about it

until it was finished, though some of his companions knew what he was doing
He wrote half of the novel in

Madrid, a quarter of it in Paris and the rest in Germany

Education in Europe
University of Paris (France) University of Heidelberg

(Germany) He stayed in the house of Lutheran Minister Dr. Karl Ullmer

Inducted as a member of the

Berlin Ethnological Society and the Berlin Anthropological Society under the patronage of the famous pathologist Rudolf Virchow He also met Dr Adolph Meyer scientist

Education in Europe
July 1885 Rizal arrived in Paris
Rizal quickly found the eye clinic of the famed opthalmologist, Louis de Wecker. From Madrid, Rizal in 1885 went to Paris and continued his medical studies under an eye specialist. The next year, Rizal went to Germany and studied ophthalmology. He was registered at Dr. Louis de Weckers clinic. After four months training, he learned the technique of the eye operation.

Education in Europe
While Rizal was in Paris, he kept busy writing his novel. During his free time, he visited his fellow countrymen Pardo de Taveras and (Trinidad, Felix and Paz) including Juan Luna. Luna Painted a historical canvass, The Blood Compact in which Rizal posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as Legaspi. He also posed for a group picture called The Death of Cleopatra wherein he dressed as an Egyptian priest.

Education in Europe

Rizal also had special training under Dr. Otto Becker. Rizal accounted: For some 13 days now, Ive been attending the clinic for eye diseases under the direction of another famous oculist called Otto Becker.

Under Dr. Becker there was a vigorous course of study

with less attention to actual operations. The experience in Paris with first-hand patient operations helped Rizal to emerge as one of Beckers best students.

Education in Europe
Aside from these two clinics, Rizal also had a practice at a

certain Clinic in Berlin where he worked as an assistant of Dr. Schultzer, an eminent German ophthalmologist.

At the hospital I practice and examine patients who come everyday. The professor corrects our mistakes in diagnosis; I help in the treatment and although, I dont see so many operations as I did at Paris, here I study more the practical side.
In Heidelberg, Rizal had a privilege to work in the clinic of

a noted Polish ophthalmologist, Dr. Javier Galezowsky.

University of Heidelberg
25-year-old Rizal completed

in 1887 his eye specialization under the renowned Prof. Otto Becker in Heidelberg
Left Heidelberg a poem, A

las flores del Heidelberg (April 22, 1886); both an evocation and a prayer for the welfare of his native land and the unification of common values between East and West

A las flores del Heidelberg

Go to my country, go foreign flowers, Planted by the traveler on his way, And there beneath that sky of blue That over my beloved towers, Speak for this traveler to say What faith in his homeland he breathes to you. Go and say.... Say that when the dawn First brew your calyx open there Beside the River Necker chill, You saw him standing by you, very still, Reflecting on the primrose flush you wear. That when the rising sun the height Of Koenigsthul in early morn first spies, And with its tepid light Is pouring life in valley, wood, and grove, He greets the sun as it begins to rise, Which in his native land is blazing straight above. Carry, carry, flowers of Rhine, Love to every love of mine, Peace to my country and her fertile loam, Virtue to her women, courage to her men, Salute those darling ones again, Who formed the sacred circle of our home. And when you reach that shore, Each kiss I press upon you now, Deposit on the pinions of the wind, And those I love and honor and adore Will feel my kisses carried to their brow. Ah, flowers, you may fare through, Conserving still, perhaps, your native hue; Yet, far from Fatherland, heroic loam To which you owe your life, The perfume will be gone from you; For aroma is your soul; it cannot roam Beyond the skies which saw it born, nor e'er forget.

And tell them of that day he staid And plucked you from the border of the path, Amid the ruins of the feudal castle, By the River Neckar, and in the sylvan shade. Tell them what he told you As tenderly he took Your pliant leaves and pressed them in a book, Where now its well-worn pages close enfold you.

Say that when the morning light Her toll of perfume from you wrung, While playfully she whispered, "How I love you! He too murmured here above you Tender love songs in his native tongue.

Rizals Life in Europe

Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years.
He could converse in more than 10 different tongues. (23

languages & dialects)

Excelled at martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting,

teaching, anthropology, and journalism, among other things.

During his European sojourn, he also began to write

novels. Rizal finished his first book, Noli Me Tangere, while living in Wilhemsfeld with the Reverend Karl Ullmer.

Rizals Life in Europe

He transferred to the University of Leipzig to study

psychology and history. Here he became a friend of Professor Friedrich Ratzel, one of the historians who helped change the methods of historical research. Rizal also contemplated to enroll as a student of law in the famous University at Heidelberg, but his brother Paciano was not in favor of it:
I do not think that the study of law will suit you, but rather the

arts; in this I am of the same view as our parish priest, and really a lawyer here is landlord, teacher, farmer, contractor, that is to say, everything but a lawyer; on the other hand, those who do practice law collect their fees for defending one side or the other, whether it is right or wrong, something which would run against the grain of your conscience; while there are few who practice medicine and the arts, they make progress here and they live

The Birth of Noli

The book which Rizal was writing -- he named it Noli

Me Tangere -- was finished in Berlin on February 22, 1887. But on that day in Berlin, Rizal desperate. He had no money to publish his book. Vainly he was struggling to save money by eating only one meal a day, largely bread and coffee, which cost him but a few centavos. Rizal confided to his old friend Fernando Canon about the dark period, he said: "I did not believe that Noli Me Tangere would ever be published. I was in Berlin, heartbroken, weakened, and discouraged from hunger and deprivation. I was on the point of throwing my work into the fire as a thing accursed and fit only to die; . .

The Providential Viola

Due to financial constraints, Rizal had to look for the cheapest book printer and eventually got the Beliner Buchdrukerei-Actien-Gesselschaft-SetzerinnenSchule de Lette Verreins to print the book. He was charged 300 pesos for 2,000 copies and he had to borrow the amount from his friend Maximo Viola. The book finally came out in March 1887. The Filipinos commemorate February 22, 1887 as the birthday of Noli Me Tangere, for it was that book that made Jos Rizal the inevitable leader of the Filipinos, and started him on the road to martyrdom and immortality.

Back Home
After a visit to Vienna, Rome, and a few other cities of Italy, Dr. Rizal took a ship from Marseilles and started home on July 5, 1887, at last ready to operate upon the cataracts in his mother's eyes.

Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rizal http://www.scribd.com/doc/8424021/Dr-Jose-Rizal-at-the-University-of-Santo-Tomas http://www.scribd.com/doc/21694647/Life-and-Works-of-Rizal http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~fasawwu/resources/rizal/biography.htm http://asianhistory.about.com/od/profilesofasianleaders/p/joserizalbio.htm http://www.joserizal.ph/ed02.html http://joserizal.info/Biography/man_and_martyr/chapter04.htm