SOCKETS

COMPUTER NETWORK
A

computer network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computers.

WHAT A NETWORK INCLUDES

Address:

byte-string that identifies a node

usually unique

Routing:

process of forwarding messages to the destination node based on its address. Protocol: set of rules used for communication.

BASIC PARADIGM FOR COMMUNICATION

Establish contact (connection). Exchange information (bi-directional). Terminate contact.

ELEMENTS OF C-S COMPUTING

a client, a server, and network

Re qu es t

Client

Server
Re su lt

Network

Client machine

Server machine

CLIENT-SERVER COMMUNICATION

Client sends a request to the server

Server accepts the request and establish a connection

SOCKETS

A socket is defined as an endpoint for communication. Concatenation of IP address and port A socket pair (local IP address, local port, foreign IP address, foreign port) uniquely identifies a communication. The socket 161.25.19.8:1625 refers to port 1625 on host 161.25.19.8

TWO ESSENTIAL TYPES OF SOCKETS

SOCK_STREAM TCP reliable delivery in-order guaranteed connection-oriented Bidirectional Stream flow of data

SOCK_DGRAM UDP unreliable delivery no order guarantees no notion of connection app indicates dest. for each packet can send or receive Datagram format
App D1

App
3 2 1

socket

Dest.

3 2 1

socket
D3

D2

SOCKET FUNCTIONAL CALLS

socket (): Create a socket bind(): bind a socket to a local IP address and port # listen(): passively waiting for connections connect(): initiating connection to another socket accept(): accept a new connection Write(): write data to a socket Read(): read data from a socket sendto(): send a datagram to another UDP socket recvfrom(): read a datagram from a UDP socket close(): close a socket (tear down the connection)

CONNECTION-ORIENTED EXAMPLE (TCP)

Server Socket() Client
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Bind() Socket() Listen() Connection Establishmt. Block until connect Process request Send() Accept() Recv() Data (request) Bind() Connect() Send()

Data (reply) Recv()

CONNECTIONLESS EXAMPLE (UDP)

Server Socket() Bind() Recvfrom() Block until Data from client Process request Sendto() Data (reply) Recvfrom() Client Socket() Bind() Data (request) Sendto()
11

JAVA SOCKETS
ServerSocket(1254)
server
12

Output/write stream Input/read stream

Client

Socket(128.250.25.158, 1254) It can be host_name like mandroo.cs.mu.oz.au