Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Physics & Aerodynamics

... There are two ways to lead your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as if everything is.

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY

Course Outline
Assignment/Practical Quizzes/Midterm Final Examination 50% 20% 30%

18 weeks consisting of both lecturing and practical..

Note : Those who missed 10% of the class attendance without any valid reason or justification will be BARRED from taking the final examination.

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Topics to be covered:
1. Measurement & Unit

2. Matter & Energy

3. Work, Power, Force, and Motion 4. Thermodynamics 5. Pressure and Gas Law

6. Fluid Mechanics
7. Sound 8. Light 9. Airplanes

10. Aerodynamics

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Topics for Research and Presentation:

1. Research on the principle of Newtons laws and its application in today's modern world 2. The use and application of gyroscopic principles 3. Research on the various methods of heat transfer and describe its application and benefit in todays world

4. Research on the application of Bernoullis theorem in todays modern world

5. Research on the aerodynamics principle on both fix wing aircraft and rotary wing aircraft.

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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WHAT IS PHYSICS?
Physics is the study of the most fundamental interactions between:

Time, Space, Energy and Matter.

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Why is PHYSICS so important? Every aspect of our life involves with the principle of physics! All modern technology ever created by mankind deals with physics!

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Measurement
& Unit

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Measurement 1. Physics is an experimental science which involves measurements. 2. Measurements are generally describe with the use of numbers. 3. Number that is used to describe a physical phenomenon quantitatively is called a Physical Quantity. 4. Example: Give two physical quantities that describe yourself?

Units 1. When we use number to describe a physical quantity , we must always specify the unit that we are using; to describe a distance of 23.02 would not simply mean anything. 2. Engineers and Scientist around the world have adopted a system units commonly called the metric system but now commonly known as International System or SI unit

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Definition of the SI base units :

Unit of Length
Unit of Mass Unit of Time Unit of Electric Current Unit of Thermodynamic temperature Unit of amount of substance

Meters
Kilogram Second Ampere Kelvin Mole

m
kg s A K mol

Unit of luminous intensity

Candela

cd

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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SI derived Units:

Area Volume Speed, Velocity Acceleration Mass density Current density Magnetic field strength luminance

Square meter Cubic meter Meter per second Meter per second squared Kilogram per cubic meter Ampere per square meter Ampere per meter Candela per square meter

m2 m3 m/s m/s2 kg/m3 A/m2 A/m Cd/m2

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Conversions of Units Same quantity may be measured in different units. Therefore, it is important to know how to convert from one unit to another.

E.g. 1
An aircraft carrying a fuel load of 300 gallons. What is the value of the fuel load in Liter? (1 gallons = 4.54609 liter / 1 liter = 0.21997 gallon)

P/S: It is important to convert all units to SI units before solving any mathematical problems.

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Dimensional Analysis
Quantity and Dimension QUANTITY DIMENSION SYMBOL

Mass Length Time Electric Current Density Velocity Acceleration

[mass] [length] [time] [current] [mass] / [length]3 [length] / [time] [velocity] / [time]

M L T A ML-3 LT-1 LT-2

Force

[mass] * [acceleration]

MLT-2

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Dimension Analysis can be used to: 1. Checking equation & units (In general)

2. Derive an equation (simple equations)

E.g. Verify the dimension analysis for velocity (True or False) V (velocity) = u (initial velocity) + a (acceleration)* t (time) L/T = L / T + (L / T2) T L/T = L / T + L / T (This formula is dimensionally correct) Dimension analysis method cannot be used to: Dimensionally correct does not mean the equation is correct! Only to check Completeness of an equation Whether the constant (in the equation) is correct Constant can be anything..

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Vector
Scalar Quantity 1. Quantity (by a single number) 2. Number with units (+ve, -ve, 0) 3. Example: length, time, temperature, mass, density, volume

Vector Quantity 1. Quantity (by a number / magnitude and a direction) 2. Example: Force, momentum, velocity, displacement, acceleration 3. Acceptable symbol for vector is F 4. Magnitude of vector: |F| = F always +ve

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Vector Addition
If a particles undergoes a displacement A, followed by a second displacement B. The final result is the same as if the particle had started at the same initial point and undergone a single displacement C. We call the displacement C as Vector Sum or Resultant. B

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EQUILIBRANT Force 1. A single force that can hold the original system of forces in equilibrium is known as the EQUILIBRANT. 2. It is equal in magnitude to the resultant but it is opposite in sense.
B A A C B

Equilibrant Force

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Q1: A UniKL Miat student walks 12 km east one day and 5km east the following day. Find the resultant vector for the journey of the student?

First day 12 km 17 km to the east

Second day 5 km

Q2: A UniKL Miat student walks 12km east one day and 5km west the next day. Find the resultant vector for the journey of the student?

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Find the Resultant of the following vectors:

A1 A2

A3

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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ANSWERS

A2

A1

A3 A2 Resultant Resultant

A1
A3

Resultant A1 A2 A3 A1 Resultant A2 Regardless of the arrangement of the vectors, the resultant will remain the same!! A3

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Vectors in 2 Dimension form. (axis x and axis y)

A vector in two dimensions may be resolved into two component vectors acting along any two mutually perpendicular directions to find the magnitude (distance) and direction.

+y A = Ax + Ay
A is the resultant vector (Refer Vector Addition)

Ax = Acos
Ay = Asin Ay A
Trigonometry

Magnitude, |A| = (Ax2 + Ay2)

Ax

Direction, tan = Ay / Ax +x

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Component vector along x and y axis depend on the angle,

Bx Negative By - Positive B

A Ax Positive Ay - Positive

C Cx Negative Cy - Negative

Dx Positive Dy - Negative

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Obtain the Resultant Force of the Following Vectors?

|B| = 180 N = 25o |A| = 150 N

= 20o

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Obtain the Resultant Force of the Following Vectors?

|A| = 60 N

= 35o
= 30o

|B| = 80 N

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

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Obtain the Resultant Force of the Following Vectors?

|C| = 60 N |A| = 160 N

= 40o
= 30o

= 35o

|B| = 80 N