AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE ----------------a inspiration

THE THIRD quarter of the eighteenth century thus saw the remarkable and unstable spectacle of a Europe divided against itself, and no longer with any unifying political or religious idea, The motive that had sent Columbus to America and Vasco da Gama to India was the search for gold and silver.. The Europeans had to go to America not simply as armed merchants but as prospectors, miners, searchers after natural products, and presently as planters.

The French and British War

The North American theater of the primarily European Seven Years War was known as the French and Indian War. It was fought between Britain and France from 1754 to 1763 for colonial dominance in North America. This war ended after the British captured most of Frances major cities and forts in Canada

AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE BEGINS

The American revolutionary era began in 1763, after a series of victories by British forces at the conclusion of the French War (also, Seven Years War) ended the French military threat to British North American colonies

Mercantile System
The British Empire at that time operated under the mercantile system, where all trade was concentrated inside the Empire, and trade with other empires was forbidden. The goal was to enrich Britainits merchants and its government. Whether the policy was good for the colonists was not an issue in London,

Loyalists
historians have estimated that about 1520% of the population remained loyal to the British Crown; these were known at that time as "Loyalists", Loyalists were typically often connected to the Church of England, They included many established merchants with strong business connections across the Empire, as well as royal officials

Provocative Legislation

Intolerable Act
They consisted of four laws enacted by the British parliament. The first was the Massachusetts Government Act, which restricted town meetings. The second Act, the Administration of Justice Act, ordered that all British soldiers to be tried were to be arraigned in Britain, not in the colonies. The third Act was the Boston Port Act, which closed the port of Boston until the British had been compensated for the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party The fourth Act was the Quartering Acts of 1774, which allowed royal governors to house British troops in the homes of citizens without requiring permission of the owner

Quebec Act
The Quebec Act of 1774 extended Quebec's boundaries to the Ohio River, shutting out the claims of the 13 colonies.

Townshend Acts
In 1767 the Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, which placed a tax on a number of essential goods including paper, glass, and tea. Angered at the tax increases, colonists organized a boycott of British goods

Navigation Act
Britain implemented mercantilism by trying to block American trade with the French, Spanish or Dutch empires using the Navigation Acts,

Boston Tea Party

On December 16, 1773 a group of men, boarded the ships of the government and dumped an estimated 10,000 worth of tea from its holds (approximately 636,000 in 2008) into the harbor. This event became known as the Boston Tea Party.

Boston Massacre
. In Boston on March 5, 1770 a large mob gathered around a group of British soldiers. The mob grew more and more threatening, throwing snowballs, rocks and debris at the soldiers. One soldier was clubbed and fell. All but one of the soldiers fired into the crowd. 11 people were hit; three civilians were killed at the scene of the shooting, and two died after the incident. The event quickly came to be called the Boston Massacre.

Contribution Of Women
American women were integral to the success of the boycott of British goods, as the boycotted items were largely household items such as tea and cloth. In 1769, the women of Boston produced 40,000 skeins of yarn, and 180 women in Middletown, wove 20,522 yards (18,765 m) of cloth

No Taxation Without Representation

The Sugar Act was the first fully enforced tax levied in America solely for the purpose of raising revenue. Americans throughout the thirteen colonies cried out against No taxation without representation Parliament reserved the right to tax the colonies anytime it chose.

SON OF LIBERTY
In 1765 the Sons of Liberty were formed which used public demonstrations, violence and threats of violence to ensure that the British tax laws were unenforceable. In 1772 Samuel Adams in Boston set about creating new Committees of Correspondence, which linked Patriots in all 13 colonies A total of about 7000 to 8000 Patriots served on "Committees of Correspondence" at the colonial and local levels, comprising most of the leadership in their communitiesthe Loyalists were excluded.. When the First Continental Congress decided to boycott British products, the colonial and local Committees took charge of promoted patriotism and home manufacturing, advising Americans to avoid luxuries and lead more simple lives.

Pirates

Declaration Of Independence
After the war finally ended in 1783 The Second Continental Congress chose George Washington, to command as leader. The next year, the congressmen voted on July 2, 1776, to declare their independence. Thomas Jefferson, a young lawyer from Virginia, drafted the Declaration of Independence. The United States was born

American: 25,000 dead Total American casualties: up to 50,000 dead and wounded Allies: 6000 French and Spanish (in Europe) 2000 French (in America) 20,000 Soldiers from the British army dead and wounded 19,740 sailors dead 42,000 sailors deserted 7,554 German dead

WAR IS NOTHING BUT A CALAMITY