Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 39

Man and Society

Man and Society


How

do the following terms vary from one to the others?


Society Community Culture

Man and Society


Society: a collection of people who have a social grouping that includes all the social institutions required to meet basic human needs Community: a cluster of people focused on individual homes and places of work, based on daily social patterns of interaction

common identity, feeling of unity, and shared goals. Society is a comprehensive

Man and Society


Culture:

customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group

Social Institutions
A

basic cluster of social structures that is organized to meet the needs of societies
Family Education Religion Economy Government

Social Stratification
Stratification Affected

characterized of succession of tabular layers


by:
Ancestry Gender Race and Ethnicity Education

is defined as a structure

Social Stratification
People

and social positions tend to be ranked in terms of the THREE Social Desirables
Wealth Power Prestige

Socio-Economic Status
Reflects

not just money (income and wealth and the power they provide) But also occupational prestige and schooling

Income

is defined as wages and salaries from work and earnings from investments

1. Wealth
The

total value of money and other assets, minus outstanding debts


Money Material products Land Natural resources Productive labor services

Why

is there an unequal distribution of income?


Pattern based on place of residence, race, education, occupation, etc.

1. Wealth
Since

1979: How much national income do you think the wealthiest 1% of US families receive? 40% of the total income of the nation and they share an aggregate net worth that is greater than the net worth of 90% of individuals Average 1% earn roughly 862,000 a year Average American earns $34, 736
(as

of April 21, 2006)

1. Wealth
How

does wealth of the rich vary from the wealth of the middle class?

Rich:

mostly in the form of stocks and other-income producing investments Others: May have homes, cars, investments, insurance policies, retirement pensions, etc., but home mortgages and other debts cause wealth to fall Lowest 40% virtually no wealth at all

2. Power
The

capacity of people or groups to control or influence the actions of others Explain this statement: Real power may not always lie where we think it does Not all the powerful are wealthy/Not all the wealthy are powerful Wealth can sometimes buy power- How?

3. Prestige
The

favorable evaluation and social recognition that a person receives from others In what forms do prestige come?
Public acceptance and fame Respect and admiration Occupational prestige Honor and esteem
Ex:

Al Lerner donated 100 million to the Cleveland Clinic in 2002

Status Inconsistency
Rank

high in one status area and lower in another Example: may be a college professor with prestige but receive a modest income (Low wealth)

Can you read social class?


Hard

to read status in the following areas

Clothes Cars Color of skin


Not

as difficult to read in these areas

Educational levels Health Care advantages Lifespan

Social Standing Links


Family

Life

Privilege begets privilege


Family

earning approx. $96,000 will spend $242,000 raising a child until eighteen Family earning approx. $51,000 will spend $166,000 raising a child until eighteen Family earning approx. less than $38,000 will spend $121,000 raising a child until eighteen

Family

size contingent on social class

Biggest families in upper and lower classes

Social Standing Links


Values

Affluent people have a stronger sense of family and are more tolerant of controversial behaviors such as homosexuality
Politics

More privileged people


Republicans

Economically

conservative but socially liberal More likely to vote and join political organizations

Social Standing Links


Health

Why do rich people, on average, live seven years longer than poor people?
Food

more nutritious Live in safer areas Lives are less stressful Receive better medical care

Signs of Class
Weight

Those who are poorer are more likely to be obese: why?


Teeth

Those who have more money keep their teeth longer


Dialect

How one speaks, word choice, use of slang, etc.

Why disparity in the 2000s?


20,

30, 40 years ago, there were good manufacturing jobs that did not require a college degree. (Work 30 years and receive a pension) Why is it different today?

Disparity in the 2000s


Class

manifests itself on how people raise their children:


Quality of education Quality of extracurricular activities

Class Disparity Growing


Inner

city public housing being reformatted into condos (wealthier people move in) Displacing populations to revitalize cities Many lower class do not believe their children will rise on the social ladder unless they can be rappers or sports heroes
What is the value of education here?

Man and Society

Types of Societies

Types of Societies
Closed

for you Open Social System: your social position determined by role played in economic production

Social System: rank predetermined

Closed Social System


Slavery Economic relationship: property Production is primitive need vast amounts of human labor

Another Closed Social System


Caste

System

Status determined at birth People locked into a social position: no social mobility

Estate System
Feudalism

Prejudice)

(basis of Pride and

Power

held by land owning Nobles (owned Manors) Relationship to vassals (A feudal tenant-a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he owes homage and loyalty Peasants and serfs provided labor and military service; in return, protection and material support from the noble

Estate System contd


Three estates sanctioned by law and church
Nobles
Clergy Commoners

In later years of Feudalism (1800s)


Industrialization

and Urbanization Merchant class arises: Wealth not dependent on inherited land

Social Class
The

most important type of stratification in the modern world is the class system. We are a Meritocracy: social stratification based on personal merit It is based on the unequal ownership and control of economic resources Social inequality declines as a society industrializes why?

Social Classes
Class

refers to a group determined by the role it plays in economic production in society People like to associate within their own social class. The result: Shared values, attitudes, and interests with people who are often known to one another Social class largely determines a persons life chances: Likelihood that the person will attain important experiences and goals in life

Lower Class
Approximately

20% of U.S. population Most deprived in relation to wealth, power, and prestige Definably less educated with a lack of marketable skills (1 in 4 goes to college) Unemployment high; economic insecurity chronic because jobs depend on economic trends, recessions, etc

Lower Class
Working

poor -

People without medical benefits Many work jobs that pay slightly higher than minimum wage Barely half complete high school
Very poor Many get government assistance 11% of population

Working Class
Blue

Collar workers: 33% of population Manual labor Lack of job security (carpenters work when the economy is flourishing and building production is high) Much political and economic power: unions Families cannot afford daycare, thus, mothers stay home and are sometimes strapped (unable to provide extracurricular activities for children)

Working Class
Supervised 1/3

type jobs

Few or no benefits and pension plans

of children of the working class go to college Average family income about $40,000

Lower-Middle Class
Also

known as average-middles White Collar: 35% of workforce Intellectual or social jobs rather than manual labor; although higher blue collar jobs qualify (building contractor) Household income between $40,000 and $80,000 Very concerned about maintaining or increasing class status

Lower-Middle Class
Accumulate

a small amount of wealth have stocks and investments are college educated, usually from state supported schools Status seekers: Invest much of their disposable income in goods and services that can be seen as status symbols

Upper Middle Class


10%

of labor force, but fall into 1/5 of the nations income distribution Usually have power, prestige, and income Professionals: doctors, lawyers, stock brokers Nouveau Riche Often involved in local politics 2/3 of children receive college educations Mothers may not work: invest time in childrens education and extracurricular activities Children feel sense of entitlement

Lower Uppers
Working

Rich- primary source of income is earnings rather than inherited wealth Live in exclusive communities, but do not gain entry in exclusive clubs of those with old money CEOs of corporations Athletes Hollywood stars Practice conspicuous consumption: buying things others will notice

Upper Class
Old

Money:1% of population Conservative Distinguished by education in private schools and membership in exclusive clubs Preserve names through foundations and charities Women do volunteer work for charities Unspoken rule among wealthy never to talk about class Children can have ANY educational opportunity and travel the world Prefer to live in areas that are hidden away from others

Вам также может понравиться