ASYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER

Overview
Some examples of I/O Devices Synchronous data transfers Asynchronous data transfers Source-initiated data transfer without handshaking Destination-initiated data transfer without handshaking Source-initiated data transfer with handshaking Destination-initiated data transfer with handshaking

Examples of I/O Devices

A personal computer
Keyboard (input) Mouse (input) Monitor (output) Printer (output)

Connections between a CPU and an I/O device

Synchronous data transfers

Synchronous transfers usually occur when peripherals are located within the same computer as the CPU because their close proximity allows them to share a common clock and because data does not have to travel very far physically, which becomes a concern at a higher clock frequencies.

8/15/2012

FIRST REVIEW

Asynchronous data transfers

A computer can make use of asynchronous data transfers when synchronous transfers are not viable. Asynchronous transfers use control signals and their associated hardware to coordinate the movement of data. These data transfer do not require that the source and destination use the same system clock. There are four types of asynchronous data transfers.
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Source-initiated data transfer

The source outputs its data. Then strobes a control signal for a set amount of time. The destination device reads in the data during this time. The source device next desserts the strobe and stops outputting data.

Source-initiated data transfer

Destination-initiated data transfer

The destination device transmits a data strobe signal to the source device which, after a brief delay, makes data available. The destination device reads in this data

The destination device deasserts the data strobe.

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Destination-initiated data transfer

Handshaking
For some devices, particularly electromechanical devices, do not require the same amount of time for every transfer, they can use handshaking to coordinate their transfers. Handshaking uses an additional control signal to indicate that data is ready or has been read in.
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Source-initiated data transfer with handshaking

The source sets the data request signal high. Makes valid data available to the destination device The destination device reads in data. The destination device sends a data acknowledge signal to the source. The source sets its data request line low and stops sending data. The destination then resets its data acknowledge signal.

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FIRST REVIEW

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Source-initiated data transfer with handshaking

Destination-initiated data transfer with handshaking

It is useful when the time of data transfer between the destination device and the source device. It uses an additional control signal, data-ready signal.

Destination-initiated data transfer with handshaking

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