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CONTENTS
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) INTRODUCTION. HISTORY. AUTOMATION FOR SAFETY. SAFETY AND PERFOMACE IMPROVEMENT. DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION. ROAD TRANSPORT AUTOMATION SYSTEM. AIR SYSTEM AUTOMATION. TRAIN AUTOMATION. CONCLUSION.
INTODUCTION
WHAT IS AUTOMATION OF VEHICLES?
Automation of vehicles means to automate ,means to run by it that is vehicle
which can run without a driver.
WHY IT IS IMPORTANT?
According to World Bank, developing countries lose $100 billion every year due to road crashes. Further air crashes due to carelessness and human error
is very common. Derailing of train, train crashes are also a topic of great
concern these days. All the accidents which take place are mainly due to the greater reaction time of the drivers or due to their carelessness most of times .
HISTORY
1904-STURTEVANT BROTHERS. HORSELESS GEARBOX was used ,which had two forward gear ratio. 1908-HENRY FORD. MODEL T type gearbox was used ,which had two speed plus reverse planetary gear ratio. 1934-REO AND GENERAL MOTORS. Semiautomatic transmission was used ,which had a power shifting planetary gearbox which is hydraulically controlled.
Control Assistance Systems That Augment The Driver's Ability To Control The Vehicle. Control Override Systems That Intervene In Some Aspect Of The Control Of The Vehicle During Unsafe Conditions. Automated Control Systems That Control All Motions Of The Vehicle.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
A project funded by the European Commission is developing "road trains"--a potentially inexpensive way to automate vehicles. If cars were automated and networked --communicating with each other to coordinate their speeds, to allow passing and merging, and to warn each other of sudden stops --it might be possible for more cars
to use the same roads while at the same time reducing traffic jams,
saving fuel now wasted while idling on the freeway. Automated vehicles could also save gas by driving steadily --avoiding gas
UAV CLASSIFICATION
Target and decoy - providing ground and aerial gunnery a target that simulates an enemy aircraft or missile.
Combat - providing attack capability for high-risk missions Logistics - UAVs specifically designed for cargo and logistics operation Research and development - used to further develop UAV technologies to be integrated into field deployed UAV aircraft Civil and Commercial UAVs - UAVs specifically designed for civil and commercial applications.
TRAIN AUTOMATION
TYPES OF TRAIN AUTOMATION.
1. Semi-automation with reduced driver control 2. Fully automated control as the sole operating system for driverless vehicles on autonomous, separate tracks 3. Fully automated driverless trains sharing a mixed
BENEFITS
Cost effectiveness:
Personnel costs take a high share in railway operation and can be dramatically reduced by driverless operation .
Safety:
A clear requirement for automated rail systems is equal or improved
BARRIERS
Acceptance on the part of drivers: Drivers obviously associate the loss of their jobs with train automation. Acceptance on the part of passengers: There is widespread unease associated with travelling in a pilotless vehicle. On the other hand, the spreading of driverless people movers and automated metro systems are likely to reduce this skepticism. In the long run, no major acceptance deficits are to be expected, especially if part of the cost savings is transferred to the customer .
Technological hurdles:
Whereas automated metro operation does not seem to meet any major technological obstacles, a driverless main line operation still meets many challenges especially as far as safety is concerned. Serious problems arise in mixed operation and due to the fact that there is no physical protection of the tracks (in contrast to underground
metro lines).
Transition costs: Although driverless operation strongly reduces running costs, the initial investment into infrastructure and vehicles is high.
CONCLUSION
THROUGH THIS PAPER WE CONCLUDE
THAT THE AUTOMATION CAN BE OF GREAT
REFERENCES
www.azinet.com/articles/real98.htm www.ingentaconnect.com/content/tandf/terg/ 199 pcwin.com/downloads/Vehicle-Automation.html www.brothersof t.com/downloads/vehicleautomation . html www.technologyreview.com/blog/tags/vehicle www.infrastructuresecurityportal .com/infrastruct uresecurity_news .asp?...Networking%20solution %20for%20vehicle%20automation linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/S136757889 9900718
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