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Management
In the words of Stephen & Coutler Management is coordinating the work activities so that they are completed effectively and efficiently with and through other people.
The highlighted part of above definition clearly emphasizes upon organizing as an essential function of management.
Contents
1
2 3
ACCOUNTABILITY
ORGANIZING
Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the
activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationship among them. Characteristics Common Objectives Division of Work Coordination Well defined authority and responsibility Superior subordinate relationship Universal Process Dynamic
Delegation
Delegation of authority merely means the granting of authority to subordinates to operate within prescribed limits. - Theo Haimann
Elements
AUTHORITY It means the power to take decisions. Decision can be related to the use of resources and to do or not to do something. Features: Authority can be assigned to some other person. It is related to the post (with the change of post, even authorities change). It makes implementation of decisions possible. It is the key to a managerial job, because a post without authority cannot be a managerial post.
Authority
Definition
Characteristics of Authority:
RESPONSIBILITY
Characteristics of Responsibility
Difference
Basic of Distinction
Authority
The power or right of a superior to give order to others It emerges from a formal position in the organisation It flows downwards i.e. from top to bottom level Its purpose is to make decisions and get the decisions executed
Responsibility
It is an obligation to perform the assigned duty or order It emerges from superior subordinate relationship It flows upward i.e. from bottom level to top level Its purpose is to execute the duties assigned by the superior
Meaning
Purpose
ACCOUNTABILITY
Features: Accountability cannot be delegated. It originates because of delegation of authority. It is only towards the delegators. Its base is senior subordinate relationship
Middle level
Low level
workers
Top level
Middle level
Low level
Workers Responsibility
Power
Power is defined as the ability of
individuals or groups to induce or
influence the beliefs or actions of other
persons or groups
- Weihrich , Cannice & Koontz.
POWER
Bases of Power: Legitimate power: arises from position. Power of expertness: arises from
knowledge. Referent power: arises from belief in ideas. Coercive power: power to punish. Reward power: power to reward.
Empowerment
Difference
Basic of Distinction Responsibility Accountability
Meaning
Sources of Origin
Relationship between senior & superior Responsibility ( Responsibility for) or the work can be delegated to some other person
Delegation of Authority Accountability ( Responsibility to) cannot be delegated to some other person
Delegation
IMPORTANCE
Effective Management Employee Development Motivation of Employees Facilitation of Growth Better Coordination
1. Parity in authority and responsibility: After giving the responsibility, requisite authority regarding work delegated should be granted.
Authority
Responsibility
Case 1
Responsibility Authority
If authority is greater than responsibility, then this could result in autocratic behavior.
Case 2.
Authority
Responsibility