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1- LITERATURE REVIEW. 2- WHAT IS LITERATURE REVIEW 3- WHY LITERATURE REVIEW IS IMPORTANT. 4- SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW. 5- LITERATURE REVIEW 6- LITERATURE REVIEW HELPS. 7- CONSTRUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW. 8- ORGANIZING LITERATURE REVIEW. 9- LITERATURE REVIEW IN RESEARCH APPROACHES. 10-CRITICAL ANALYZING THE LITERATURE. 11- WRITING LITERATURE REVIEW. 12- STRUCTURING LITERATURE REVIEW. 13-. QUICK VIEW 14- REFERENCES

LITERATURE REVIEW

A discussion of your knowledge about the topic under study. A discussion of your knowledge that is supported by the research literature. A foundation for the study.

 Literature review is the part of the paper where the researcher will be given the opportunity to strengthen your paper for you will be citing what other reliable authors have said about your topic. This will prove that you are not just writing about any random subject but that many others have also poured their thoughts on the topic. Literature review is also unique from the rest of the paper because you have to fill most of the paper with your own analysis.

A- Primary sources/Grey literature.

Published sources (Such as reports)

B- Secondary sources.

C- Territory sources/ Search tools.

Books

Index & abstract

Govt publications (Such as planning documents)

Journals

Encyclopedia & Bibliography

Unpublished manuscripts (Such as letters, memos & committee minutes)

Newspapers etc

Catalogues & dictionaries

 Abstract

Hypothesis

or

the authors description

of the study related to your area of interest? conclusions relevant?
Statement

Problem

of the

Research Question(s) Clearly stated? Relevant? Related to your area

of interest?
Assumptions

restate the topic problem stated clearly? purpose? significance?

open assumptions? hidden assumptions

 Delimitations

How was the study

narrowed? Which considerations are relevant to your study?
Definitions

Key concepts &

terms?

 Method

Discussion

research design? population &

sample? measurement? procedures?
Findings

Meaningful

interpretations? Implications discussed? Suggestions or recommendations? Limits to practical application?

Conclusion

make sense? what do they say

about your area of interest

What did you learn? Re-state your new

knowledge

 Get

ideas Get an overview (learn) Get a feeling for what's doable, what's meaningful. Better understand your research project

Identify Topic Locate articles/books & other sources on topics

Read the Literature Analyze the literature Assembling and organizing Writing the literature

subtopic

subtopic subtopic

subtopic subtopic

subtopic

Topic

Home-school communication

Parent involvement Homework assistance

barriers Involvement in decision making

Academic achievement

volunteerism

Home visits

Teachers beliefs

Firstly identify the topic describe the topic in in a few words or in a short phrase because topic becomes the central idea to learn about or explore in a study. In qualitative research use the literature inductively in the beginning as part of introduction as it frame the problems,, in the beginning as a separate section, and using it at the end of a study to compare & contrast with the findings of the current study. In quantitative study use the literature deductively as a framework for advancing questions and hypothesis. A separate section on the review of the literature is used to introduce the study or at the end of study. Where as Cooper recommended it as theoretical review in which researchers focuses on extent theory that relates to the problem . And appears in journal articles and than suggested it as methodological review in which the researcher focuses on methods and definitions.

 In a mix method approach researcher uses either a qualitative or a quantitative approach. Where as it can be both at beginning or at the end.

Analysis is breaking down something into parts. There are two types of analysis: 1- Systematic Analysis. 2- Arguments Analysis. Systematic Analysis: It is a kind of analysis in which we systematically evaluate the literature on the basis of key ideas, theories, concepts and methodological assumptions and the overall structure and format of the research.
Arguments Analysis: If a range of arguments are being analysed you will need to explain the claim, data and warrant for each argument . In this way the identification of the individual and similar elements in a range of items can be compared and contrasted.

There are many ways to analyses arguments but here just two are discussed: 1- Toulmins method of argumentation analysis. 2- Fishers method of critical reading. Toulmins method of argumentation analysis: Toulmin proposes that an argument can be broken up into number of basic elements like: Claim Evidence Warrant (or permit) Backing an arguable statement Data used to support the claim an expectation that provides the link between the evidence and claim. Context & assumption used to support the validity or the warrant and evidence.

Data Car washes can use up to 250,000 Gallons of water in the main summer weeks.

Claim Car owners should restrict washing their cars in areas of the country where there is a water shortage

Warrant Since Water is essential and people should not wasted it in times of shortage

Backing Because Water should cause inconvenience are a danger to people & can be costly to consumers.

Fisher provides a method for a systematic reading of texts. Through which reader can extract words (Thus and therefore) of any argument for the purpose of evaluation. Words that are used to structure an argument are the focus for the analysis . Words (Thus and therefore) are highlighted because they are used to link evidence with claims and suggest inference, reasons and conclusions.

 Always

begin with an introduction to the review & end with a summary Make the connection for the reader between the subtopics & the topic Use direct quotations infrequently

Always

sources Present your knowledge on the topics & subtopics Summarize each subtopic Include a transition paragraph from one subtopic to the next

cite your

Introduction

Review on independent variable

Review on dependent variable

Review on the relationship of independent & dependent variables

Summary

 Begin with a search of the available literature. Critically analyze each article (study) you select. Organize the review with an outline Write the review. Summarize the review. Using the literature, present a rationale for your study.

(http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html)
Adopted from Doing Literature Review by Chris Hart Adopted from Research Methods for business Students by mark Saunders Adopted from Research Design by John W. Creswell.