Ultra-Wide Band Communication

Submitted By: SATYA SANTANU MOHAPATRA 0901289032/07

CONTENTS
Introduction to Ultra-Wideband communications Challenges of onboard spacecraft communications Advantages of UWB UWB applications Some Modulation techniques

INTRODUTION TO UWB
Narrowband communications systems modulate continuous waveform(CW) RF signals with a specific carrier frequency to transmit and receive information. UWB systems use carrierless, short-duration (picosecond to nanosecond) pulses with a very low duty cycle (less than 0.5 percent) for transmission and reception of the information. Low duty cycle offers a very low average transmission power in UWB communications systems.

What is Ultra Wideband?

Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms instead of continuous carrier waves
Ultrawideband Communication Time-domain behavior
Impulse Modulation 1 0 1

Frequency-domain behavior

time

frequency

10 GHz

(FCC Min=500Mhz)

Narrowband Communicati on

Frequency Modulation 2.4 GHz

From NB to UWB
FT
BW=KHz

NB

Time

Frequency

BW=MH z

SS WB

Spreading sequence
BW=GHz

UWB

Onboard spacecraft communication challenges

Multipath fading Channel capacity Multiple access interference Battery life for handheld devices Implementation complexity

Multipath is prominent in onboard spacecraft communications

Multipath is a major limitation of onboard reliable spacecraft communications Multipath phenomenon occurs when a delayed version of a signal arrives at the receiver due to reflection from multiple surfaces

Multipath in Narrowband Systems

LOS

NLOS

LOS + NLOS

Severe performance degradation due to multipath effect Multipath can cause up to 40 dB fading in NB systems

Multipath in Wideband Spread Spectrum

Narrowband signals are spread over a wide (MHz) bandwidth Less sensitive to multipath fading compared to NB systems due to:
Frequency diversity Larger signal bandwidth than coherence bandwidth

Ultra Wideband is a superior solution for dense multipath environments

Amplitude (Volts)

Time (ns)

UWB Signal

Power Spectrum Magnitude (dB)

Frequency (GHz)

Ultra-Wideband Signal Concept

Pulses have bandwidth of several GHz with Fractional Bandwidth 20%
Where Fractional Bandwidth is:

2( f f ) H L .100% B = f f +f H L
fH and fL are highest and lowest cut-off frequencies at 10 dB point.

UWB Advantages
Shares the spectrum with others High channel capacity
Shannons formula

C = B log (1+ S ) 2 N

Ability to work with low signal to noise ratios Low probability of intercept & detection (LPI/LPD) Low duty cycle, low average power Low hardware complexity for transmitter and receiver Less sensitive to multipath

Other UWB Applications

Communications
Short range high data rate LPI/LPD

High resolution radars/sensors

Military and rescue applications

Positioning/location tracking

Some Modulation Methods

On Off Keying (OOK) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) Transmitted-Reference Modulation (T-R)

On Off Keying (OOK)

Presence and absence of a pulse represents the data
1 0 1 0

Advantage: Simple implementation Disadvantages: Requires precise synchronization Highly susceptible to noise

Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)

Variation in pulse amplitude represents the data
1 0 1 0

Advantage: Simple implementation Disadvantages: Requires accurate synchronization Sensitive to noise

Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)

Position of a pulse with respect to a reference point represents the data
0 1

Reference point

Advantage: Not very sensitive to noise Disadvantages: Requires very accurate synchronization Does not perform well in multipath

Transmitted Reference Modulation (T-R)

A symbol consists of a pair of pulses separated by a unique delay for each user.
Dn 1

Dn 0

Advantage: Good performance at the presence of Multipath Disadvantage: MAI increases due to the same pulse shape for all users Delays have to be large between users to avoid MAI

CONCLUSION
Ultra-wideband is a promising technology that provides performance and cost benefits over narrowband and spread spectrum systems The proposed method is simple and efficient in multiple access systems in high interference environments

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THANK YOU..

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