PRESENTED BY: MANTHAN S. PAGARE ROLL NO.

37

INTRODUCTION
Types of cnc: vertical : heavy jobs 2-axes : centre jobs turn mill : eccentric job

Z-AXIS IS FOR LENGTH

X-AXIS IS FOR MAINTAINING DIAMETER

HISTORY

US air forces commissioned MIT to develop the first numerical controlled m/c in 1949.

At 1970-1972 first computer numerical control m/c wire developed.

DEFINITION In cnc, the instructions are stored as :

A program in a micro-computer attached to the m/c

The program is printed on a tape punch The tape punch reader reads the tape As per the program machine starts working

CNC APPLICATIONS:
Machining 2.5d/3d

Forming

2D

3D

Rapid prototype

Plasma and leaser cutting

Milling m/cning centre

Turning - lathe, turning centre.

INDUSTRIES MOST AFFECTED BY CNC

1) Aerospace 4) Machinery

2) Electrical

5) Fabrication

3) Automobile

6) Instrumentation

7) Mould making

CNC SYSTEM ELEMENTS

Part programming (using codes) Program input devices (keyboard or software) Machine control unit (MCU) Drive system

Machine tool
Feedback system (only present in closed loop)

PROGRAMABLE INPUTDEVICES:
Keyboard

Punched tape reader

Drivers Throughout RS 232 serial parts Network.

MACHINE CONTROL UNIT

Read coded instructions

Decode coded instructions

Feed axis motion commands to the amplifier circuit for driving the axis mechanism Receives the feedback signals of position and speed for each drive axis. Implement auxiliary control function such as coolant or spindle on/off and tool change.

OPEN LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

In this system step motor is used.

Electric pulses drive step motors. Every pulse rotates the motor spindle through a certain amount.

By counting the pulses, the amount of motion can be controlled.

No feedback signal for error correction. Lower positioning accuracy.

CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM

Dc or ac motor are used.

Position transducers are used to generate positional feedback signal for error correction. Better accuracy can be achieved.
More expensive. Suitable for large size m/c tools.

DRIVE SYSTEM
A drive system consists of

amplifier circuit
stepping motor or servomotor bolt lead screw. The MCU feeds control signal of each axis to the amplifier circuit.

CNC PROGRAMING
Manual: Write codes directly Computer assisted: Draw cutter path CAD/CAM: Draw the part, cutter path is generated.

CYCLES COMPLETED IN THE SESSION

FINISHING CYCLE
OD/ ID FINISHING PROGRAM G90 - SIMPLE TURNING CYCLE G94 SIMPLE FACING YCLE G71 STOCK REMOVAL TURNING CYCLE

G72 STOCK REMOVAL FACING CYCLE

 G73 PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE

G74- FACE GROOVING CYCLE G75 OD/ID GROOVING CYCLE G92 THREADING CYCLE G32 - FAST THREADING CYCLE

FINISHING CYCLE
Format

PROGRAM NO HOME POSITON BY G28 G99 G40 G21 M06 TOOL SELECTION G97 M03 SPINDLE SPEED COOLANT ON G00 SAFE POSITION X Z BODY G00 HOME POSITON HOME POSITION AND SPINDLE STOP, COOLANT OFF

OD/ ID FINISHING PROGRAM

ALL THE BODY OF THIS PROGRAM IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF FINSHING PROGRAM ONLY THE DIFFRENACE IS CLOCKWISE MOTION OF TOOL : G02 ANTICLOCKWISE MOTION OF TOOL : G03

G90 - SIMPLE TURNING CYCLE

WHOLE BODY TILL POSITIONING IS SAME PROGRAM STARTS WITH G90 X Z F X

G94 SIMPLE FACING CYCLE

BODY UPTO POSITIONING IS SAME THEN G94 X Z F Z Z

G71 STOCK REMOVAL TURNING CYCLE

G71 U R G71 P Q U W F WHERE U : DEPTH OF CUT R : TOOL RELIEF DISTANCE P : NO OF BLOCK START Q : NO OF BLOCK END U : STOCK FOR FINISHING (X-AXIS) W : STOCK FOR FINISHING(Z-AXIS)

G72 STOCK REMOVAL FACING CYCLE G72 W R G72 P Q U W F

WHERE U : DEPTH OF CUT R : TOOL RELIEF DISTANCE P : NO OF BLOCK START Q : NO OF BLOCK END U : STOCK FOR FINISHING (X-AXIS) W : STOCK FOR FINISHING(Z-AXIS)

G73 PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE G73 U W R G73 P Q U W F

NO OF CUTS = HIGHER DIA LOWER DIA 2

WHERE : U : DEPTH OF CUT FOR X-AXIS W : DEPTH OF CUT FOR Y-AXIS R : NO OF CUTS P : START BLOCK NO Q : END BLOCK NO U : STOCK FOR FINISHING (X-AXIS) W : STOCK FOR FINISHING (Y-AXIS) F : FEED

G74- FACE GROOVING CYCLE

G74 R G74 X Z P Q F WHERE: R : TOOL RELOEF DISTANCE X : DIAMETER OF GROOVE Z : LENGTHH OF GROOVE P : DEPTH OF CUT IN MICRON Q : TOTLA DEPTH OF GROOVE F : FEED

G75 OD/ID GROOVING CYCLE G75 R G75 X Z P Q F WHERE: R : TOOL RELIEF DISTANCE X : DIA OF GROOVE Z : POSITION OF GROOVE P : DEPTH OF CUT IN MICRON Q : TOTAL DEPTH OF GROOVE F : FEED

G92 THREADING CYCLE

G92 X Z F

WHERE : X : ROOT DIA Z : LENGTH OF THREAD F : FEED

CALCULATING ROOT DIA: = 0.6134 * PITCH = ANSWER * 2 = MAJOR DIA ANSWER = ANSWER / 2

G76 MULTI START THREADING G76 P M r A Q R G76 X Z P Q R F WHERE: P : NO OF START M : NO OF IDEAL CUT FOR FINISH R : TOOL RELIEF ANGLE Q : DEPTH OF THE CUT FOR EACH CUT P : DEPTH OF THREAD IN MICRON Q : DEPTH OF CUT FOR FIRST CUT R : TAPER AMOUNT F : FEED X : ROOT DIA Z : THRAD CUTTING ANGLE

SR NO

OPERATION

MATERIAL

CUTTING SPEED

FEED

TURNING

HSS
CARBIDE

20-30
60-80 20-25 75-100 22-30

30-40
100-150 25-35 75-100 20-30

120-140
250-300 50-60 180-200 40-50

0.15-0.20
0.20-0.30 0.15-0.20 1.0-2.0 0.12-1.01

0.12-0.15
0.15-0.20 0.12-020 0.12-0.20 0.1-0.15

0.2-0.3
0.25-0.35 0.25-0.35 1.0-1.35 0.1-0.15

FACE MILLING

HSS CARBIDE HSS

END

MILLING
4 5 DRILLING BORING HSS CARBIDE

75-90
25-30 60-80

70-90
25-35 70-90

150-180
40-50 150-200

1.0-1.5
0.20-0.40 0.16-0.20

0.16-0.22
0.16-0.30 0.16-0.20

0.15-0.25
0.16-0.30 0.12-0.15

G-CODES: G00- rapid positioning G01- linear interpolation G02- circular interpolation (clockwise) G03- circular interpolation (anticlockwise) G04- dwell time/stop time G10- data setting offset timing G17- X Y plane and tools is in Z- axis G18- X Z plane and the tool is in Y-axis G19- Y Z plane and the tool is in X-axis G20- input in inches G21- input in mm G27- reference returns to check G28- auto return to home position

G30- auto return to first reference position G40- tool radius compensation cancels G41- tool radius compensation left side G42- tool radius compensation right side G43- tool length compensation G49- tool length compensation cancels G53- machine co-ordinates G54 to G59- work piece co-ordinates system to 1 to 6 G63- tapping mode G64- continuous path cutting mode G73 to G89- canned cycle G90- absolute programming G91- incremental programming G94- feed in mm/min

G95- feed in rev/min G96- returns to initial level G97- continuous speed CANNED CYCLE: G73- high speed peak drilling G74- left hand-tapping cycle G76- fine boring cycle G80- peak drilling cycle with dwell G81- centre drilling cycle G82- drilling cycle with dwell G83- peak drilling cycle G84- tapping cycle

G85- reaming cycle G86- boring cycle G87- back boring cycle G88- manual boring cycle G89- boring with dwell G27- maintenance code G31- skip function G50- maximum spindle lock w

M-CODES: M00- program stop M01- optional stop M02- program end M03- spindle rotates in clockwise direction M04- spindle rotates in anti clockwise direction M05- spindle stop M06- tool index M08- coolant on M09- coolant off M30- program end and reset M98- sub-program call