Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
2007-2008 92 131
4. Inflation
5. Inadequate supply of infrastructure
What is change ?
Change is the coping process of moving from a present state to a desired future state.
Change
(cont.)
Individuals, groups, and organisations undertake change in response to dynamic internal and external factors that alter current realities, presenting opportunities as well as threats.
What is changing ?
Internal Forces
Human Resource Problems/Prospects *Unmet needs *Job dissatisfaction *Productivity *Participation/ *Absenteeism and suggestions turnover Managerial Behaviour/Decisions * Conflict * Leadership * Reward systems * Structural reorganization
Time/ Money classification is important dimension for product choice Widening gap between haves and have- nots - throughout EUR 20% of households regard social transfers as the
only source of household income
- Teens like innovative and original brands - Baby boomers very concerned about health and well-being; most concerned about environmental issues and mistrustful of Multinationals - ageing population is the dominant force of all EUR countries and Japan - western seniors are healthier, wealthier, more numerous, and live longer BUT: 8 out of 10 of the staff in advertising and marketing are below 40
- pressures on pension systems and social security systems ( life expectancy ) - the country with the highest proportion of over-60 citizens in 2020 will be Japan ( 31 % ) followed by Italy, Greece and Switzerland - longevity mainly due to mastering on infectious deseases, not to mastering aging
By 2025 ... there will be more people in Japan over 80 years of age than there
Source :
1910
Age Range
100 + 90 - 94 80 - 84 70 - 74 60 - 64 50 - 54 40 - 44 30 - 34 20 - 24 10 - 14 0-4 300 200 100 0 100 200 300
1970
Men
2000
Women
Thousands
Thousands
Thousands
- working patterns changing ( week-end, night, at home) - Men are more brand conscious than women ( acc. to a US- study ) - attitudes towards the influence of minority groups ( immigrants ) differ widely
- very positive in the US; negative in parts of the EU
Health Awareness
- is a broad term covering concerns like weight/ calories, physical health, nutrition and content of additives, cholesterol, sodium, salt, sugar. - awareness of health and nutrition increasing - need for fitness activities is growing
- health awareness is linked to education - consumers are increasingly expecting detailed labels even though they often do not read them
OBESITY
December 13 - 19, 2003
An Expanding Problem
Childhood Obesity
30% of Canadian between 7 - 13 yrs are overweight, 14% are obese
Canadian Medical Association Journal,
November 2000
Obesity in children grew 17% in France and 200% in the UK in the last ten years
25 20 15 10 5
Women
Men
0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
- over the last 20 years, the proportion of overweight children has increased by more than 50 % and the number of extremely obese children has doubled ( the condition is often inherited )
- obesity is becoming a global problem - many countries face the double burden of under- nutrition and overnutrition - acc. to a Boston University report ( 2005 ), Fat lowers a mans IQ !
- bland spicy ( ethnic food help drive this ) - deep frying grilling or steaming
Faster Time
- high levels of stress - increasing time pressure ( Internet ) - quantity and quality of time declining
- traffic congestion - flexible working hours - out-of-town work and shopping - need for continuous education - anxieties about crime - intrusiveness of mobile phone, pagers..
- take away meals ( 55% of US restaurant meals ordered are take away )
Environmental Awareness
concern about the environment has become an issue to an increasing proportion of the population. The change from a minority, radical, political interest to a widespread self- interest has happened, or will in virtually all countries. - pressure should be expected from legislation; pre- empt ! - the environmental debate has moved towards sustainable development
- climate change protection through energy conservation - greenhouse gas reduction ( Kyoto Protocol ) - Packaging in question ( ongoing trend towards convenience and FF )
- people are the drivers of change, social context is fundamental for understanding what the future might hold - all media ( from traditional print to www ) play an important role in the development of global culture. While local channels often dominate, the content is often foreign, often American
- Internet is a mass medium; first accessing the affluent and the young
- Internet has changed the way we live our lives; the Internet promotes and facilitates diversity - Internet as a source of information before making a purchase - consumers increasingly avoid ads (Marketing by interrupting people) - TV and Internet advertising seen as the most intrusive
- Consumers are paying greater attention to a companys total corporate profile: environmental practices, work-place practices, ethics, transparency.
Pakistan has enormous economic potential which in the presence of the right policies and conditions can deliver a generation of high and sustainable growth necessary to address all social and infrastructure development challenges facing the country Pakistan has a unique geo- strategic location ( Gwadar Port ) Pakistan has a young and large workforce ( 45 % is employed in the rural agricultural sector ), and immensely rich natural resources
Challenges:
+ the realization of high economic growth will depend on greater liberalization, deregulation and privatization
+ translating economic recovery into high and sustainable growth will depend on ensuring an enabling environment for investment and entrepreneurship with the state to act as facilitator of growth by ensuring good governance and effective institutions + one of the key hurdles hindering the true realization of Pakistans full economic potential is the recurrence of political volatility as well as worsening of the law and order and security situation + prepare an educated and skilled labor force + close the gender gap in education and jobs ( female workers only comprise 20 % of the total workforce ) + get inflation under control