INDUSTRIAL ROBOT APPLICATIONS

By
S.VENKATESWARLU (1530910032) P.BHARATH KUMAR REDDY (1530910003) JOHN ROBIN (1540910005)

INTRODUCTION:

An industrial robot is officially defined by ISO[1] as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes.

Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place, packaging and palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed

Robot Anatomy

Manipulator consists of joints and links

Joints provide relative motion Links are rigid members between joints Various joint types: linear and rotary Each joint provides a degree-offreedom Most robots possess five or six degrees-Link1 of-freedom
Joint1 Link0

Joint3

Link3 End of Arm

Link2

Robot manipulator consists of two sections:

Joint2

Body-and-arm for positioning of objects in the robot's work volume Wrist assembly for orientation of objects

Base

Manipulator Joints

Translational motion

Linear joint (type L) Orthogonal joint (type O)

Rotary motion

Rotational joint (type R) Twisting joint (type T) Revolving joint (type V)

Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics

Law Zero A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. First Law A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. Second Law A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. Third Law A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law

The substitution of robots for human labour are the following

Hazardous work for human Repetitive work cycle Difficult handling for humans Multiple shift operations Infrequent changeovers

HAZARDOUS WORK FOR HUMANS :

When the work and the environment in which it is performed are hazardous, unsafe, unhealthful, uncomfortable for humans, it is desirable to consider an industrial robot for the task.

REPETITIVE WORK CYCLE :

This tends to promote the use of robotics is a repetitive work cycle. If the sequence of elements in the cycle is the same and the elements consists of relatively simple motions, a robot is usually capable of performing the work cycle with greater consistency and repeatability than a human worker

DIFFICULT HANDLING FOR HUMANS

If the task involves the handling of the parts or tools that are heavy or otherwise difficult to manipulate, an industrial robot may be available that can perform the operation.

MULTISHIFT OPERATIONS In manual operations requiring second and third shifts, substitution of a robot provides a much faster financial payback and a single shift operations

Robot Applications :

Robots are used in a wide field of applications in industry. Most of the current applications are in manufacturing. The applications can usually classified into one of the following categories Material handling Processing operations Assembly and inspection

1. 2.

3.

End Effectors :

The special tooling for a robot that enables it to perform a specific task Two types:

Grippers to grasp and manipulate objects (e.g., parts) during work cycle Tools to perform a process, e.g., spot welding, spray painting

Grippers and Tools

MATERIAL TRANSFER

The primary purpose of the robot is to pick up parts at one location and place them at a new location.

Pneumatically powered robots are often used

An example of material transfer is palletizing, in which the robot retrieves parts from one location and deposits them on to a pallet

MATERIAL TRANSFER

Other applications similar to palletizing include depalletizing, which consists of removing parts from an ordered arrangement in a pallet and placing them at another location , stacking operations, which involve placing flat parts on top of each other

MACHINE LOADING AND UNLOADING

In this application, the robot transfers parts into or from a production machine. The two possible cases are:

(1) machine loading (2) machine unloading (3) machine loading and unloading

Machine loading :

The robots load parts into the production machine

Machine Unloading :

In this the raw materials are fed into the machine without using the robot, and the robot unloads the finished products

Machine loading and Unloading :

It involves both the loading of the raw work part and unloading of the finished part by the robot

Industrial robot applications of machine loading and unloading include the following processes

Die casting Plastic moulding Metal machining operations Forging Press working Heat treating

OTHER PROCESSING APPLICATIONS

The list of industrial processes that are being performed by robots is continually growing, they are
Material handling applications Material transfer pick-and-place, palletizing Machine loading and/or unloading 1.Processing operations Welding Spray coating Cutting and grinding 2.Assembly and inspection

PROCESSING OPERATIONS
The industrial robot applications in the processing category include spot welding, arc welding, spray painting, and various machining and other rotating spindle processes

Advantages :

The major advantages of robots are:

Decreased labor costs Increased precision and productivity Increased flexibility compared with specialised machines Robots can perform dull, repetitive jobs Robots can operate in hazardous environments

SPOT WELDING:
It is a metal joining process in which two sheet metal parts are fused together at localized points of contact. It is widely used in the automobile industry for car body fabrication. Spot welding represents one of the most common applications of industrial robots today

ARC WELDING:

Industrial robot is used to automate the arc welding process. The cell consists of the robot, the welding apparatus (power unit, controller, welding tool, and wire feed mechanism) and a fixture that positions the components for the robot

SPRAY COATING:

The work environment for humans who perform this process is filled with health hazards. These hazards include harmful and noxious fumes in the air, risk of flash fires, and noise from the spray gun nozzle. Largely because of these hazards, robots are being used more and more for spray coating tasks

ASSEMBLY AND INSPECTION

ASSEMBLY

It involves the combination of two or more parts to form a new entity, called a subassembly or assembly. The new entity is made secure by fastening techniques (e.g. screws, bolts and nuts, rivets) or joining processes (welding, brazing, soldering) Industrial robots used for the types of assembly operations are typically small, with light loaded capacities. The most common configurations are jointed arm, SCARA, and Cartesian coordinate

INSPECTION:
Inspection tasks performed by robots can be divided into the following two cases

The robot performs loading and unloading tasks to support an inspection or testing machine
The robot manipulates an inspection device, such as mechanical probe, to test the product

ThankQ