9

COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

McGraw-Hill Technology Education 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Competencies (Page 1 of 2)
Discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communication systems Describe physical and wireless communications channels Discuss connection devices, including modems, T1, DSL, cable modem, and satellite connections Describe data transmission factors, including bandwidths and protocols Discuss network and key network terminology
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Competencies (Page 2 of 2)
Describe different types of networks, including local area, metropolitan area, and wide area networks Describe network architectures, including configurations and strategies Describe organizational uses of Internet technologies, including intranets, extranets, and firewalls

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Communications

The process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers
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Communications Today
Numerous applications depend on communication systemsE-mail, Instant messaging (IM), Internet telephone, and Electronic commerce Connectivity uses computer networks to link people and resources Going wireless has been the most dramatic change

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Communication Systems
Four basic elements
Sending and receiving devices Communication channel Connection devices Data transmission specifications

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Communication Channels
Channels carry data from one computer to another Two categories of communication channels
Physical connection
Wireless connection

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Connection Device Signals

Types of signals
Analog Digital

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Connection Device Types

Types of modems
External
Internal PC Card Wireless

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Connection Services
Dial-Up services Leased lines T1, T2, T3 and T4 Digital subscriber line (DSL)
Uses existing phone lines One type widely used is ADSL

Cable modems
Uses existing TV cable Provides speeds as fast as DSL at a lower cost

Satellite/air connection services

Seven times faster than dial-up Slower than DSL & cable modem
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Typical User Connection Costs & Speeds

Type Dial-up Fee $16 Speed 56 kbps Seconds to Get Images 45.0

DSL
Cable Modem Satellite

50
40 60

1.5 mbps
1.5 mbps 900 kbps

1.7
1.7 2.8

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Bandwidth
Measurement of the capacity of the channel Categories
Low bandwidths or Voiceband Medium band Broadband
Used for high capacity transmission Used by DSL, cable, and satellite

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Protocols
Set of communication rules Standard for Internet: TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol)
Identifies devices Reformats information

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Networks
A computer network is a communication system Connects two or more computers Allows information exchange

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Network Terms
Computer Networks Connect Computers
Node Client Server Hub Network interface cards (NIC) Network operating system (NOS) Distributed processing Host computer Network manager
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Network Types
Local area networks Home networks
WLAN

Metropolitan area networks Wide area networks

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Network Architecture
Architecture describes how a network is arranged Arrangement is called topology Types of network topology
Star Bus Ring Hierarchical
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Strategies
Strategy is a way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources Common network strategies
Terminal Client/server Peer-to-peer

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Internets and Extranets

Intranets
Private network within an organization Provides information to employees

Extranets
Private network that connects organizations Used to allow suppliers and others access

Firewalls
Security system Protects against external threats
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A Look to the Future

Wireless Robotic Car

Pod car (Personalization on Demand) Predicts and responds Designed to learn and adapt to an individual's driving needs and habits

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Discussion Questions
Define and discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communications. Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels. Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features. Define and discuss the four principal network topologies. Define and discuss the three most common network strategies.
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