CHAPTER 6 : SOURCES OF ENERGY

6.1 THE VARIOUS FORMS & SOURCES OF ENERGY (A)ENERGY ENERGY = THE ABILITY TO DO WORK UNIT OF ENERGY = JOULE (J) LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY TO DO WORK (ACTIVITIES) ENERGY IS NEEDED FOR MACHINES TO DO OUR WORK

(B) VARIOUS FORMS OF ENERGY

STORED ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY

KINETIC ENERGY LIGHT ENERGY

FORMS OF ENERGY
CHEMICAL ENERGY WORKING ENERGY SOUND ENERGY

HEAT ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY

(C) VARIOUS SOURCES OF ENERGY

RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES SUN

WIND
SOURCES OF ENERGY

FOSSIL

WATER

B IOMASS

GEOTHERMAL

WAVE / TIDES

(i) Sun Primary source of energy

Supplies solar energy which radiates as light energy & heat energy

Cannot use directly from the sun but can be converted to other forms of energy using converters
Daily uses: a) solar cells convert solar energy electrical energy b) solar panels of a solar furnace absorb solar energy as heat for heating purposes

(ii) Wind
Is moving air Have mechanical kinetic

energy
Daily use:

a) windmills use wind power to pump water & generate electricity (high wind speed is needed to power wind generators effectively) b) does not cause air pollution

(iii) Water hydroelectric energy

Stored in a dam
Hydroelectric energy is produced from the kinetic energy of moving water The movement of water spins turbines which generate electricity

Daily use:
a) fast flowing water can be used to generate electrical energy for electrical equipment b) does not cause pollution

(iv) Wave/ Tides Waves are caused by wind & partly by the tides (Have mechanical kinetic energy) The rapid up-and-down movement of waves on the surface of the sea can drive the turbines to produce electricity

The Earth movement is the source of tidal energy A dam or barrage is built across the river mouth or estuary The flow of water through turbines in the dam as tides rise & fall generate the electricity

(v) Geothermal
Is the heat energy inside the Earth Some of this heat finds its way to the surface in the form of hot springs or geysers Other schemes tap the heat energy by pumping water through hot dry rocks several kilometres beneath the Earths surface Daily uses: a) local heating b) steam is used to turn turbines & generate electricity

(vi) Biomass (plant & animal wastes)

Methane gas from biomass is used to generate electricity or is burnt for light & heating purposes
Fuels such as alcohol can be made from biomass & used as an alternative to petrol to power motor cars

Daily uses:
a) food, plants, fuels for local heating b) operate machines & engines

(vii) Fossil fuels

There are 3 major forms of fossil fuels:
(a) coal it is a hard, black, rock-like substance - is mainly burned in power stations to generate electricity

(b) petroleum it becomes liquid trapped between layers of rocks

- can be made into gas, petrol, kerosene, diesels, oils, bitumen - another use for petroleum is in producing petrochemicals (plastics) (c) natural gas formed in the same way as petroleum & usually found near petroleum - natural gas is trapped, compressed & piped in stoves & hot water systems

(viii) Radioactive substances Nuclear energy from fission & fussion (uranium-235) Daily use: a) nuclear power station to produce electricity

If the nuclei are split apart by nuclear reaction, a tremendous amount of energy is released!!!

(C) THE SUN PRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY

THE SUN SENDS OUT ENERGY AS SOLAR RADIATION
SOLAR RADIATION LIGHT ENERGY + HEAT ENERGY

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY CAUSES RAIN WIND ENERGY EVAPORATION

ANIMALS

PLANTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS

ENERGY FROM FOSSIL FUELS & BIOMASS

CAUSES WIND
WAVE

HEAT
THE HOT INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

THE SUN
USED IN SOLAR FURNACE / SOLAR PANELS

LIGHT
ABSORBED BY SOLAR CELLS

WAVE ENERGY

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

HEAT ENERGY

6.2 RENEWABLE & NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SOURCES

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY SOURCES THAT CAN REPLACED AFTER BEING USED EXAMPLES: WIND TIDAL/WAVE BIOMASS WATER - HYDROELECTRICITY GEOTHERMAL SUN SOLAR ENERGY

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

ENERGY SOURCES THAT CANNOT BE REPLACED AFTER BEING USED & WILL RUN OUT
EXAMPLES: FOSSIL FUELS RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

(I) THE NEED TO CONSERVE ENERGY

WHY??? - MOST OF THE ENERGY COMES FROM NONRENEWABLE (FOSSIL FUELS) - IF IT IS RUN OUT, THERE WILL NOT BE ANY LEFT IN THE FUTURE

- OUR ACTIVITIES WILL BE AFFECTED

- CAN CAUSE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & GLOBAL WARMING DAMAGE,

SO, WE NEED TO CONSERVE THE ENERGY TO SLOW DOWN OR REDUCE ALL THESE VE EFFECTS!!!

(II) WAYS TO INCREASE EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY

EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY = GETTING THE MOST USE OF ENERGY WITH MINIMUM WASTE OF ENERGY THE USE OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES MUST BE PLANNED & MANAGED CAREFULLY DEVELOP RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES LIKE SOLAR, WIND, WATER & BIOMASS ENERGY

 EFFICIENT WAYS:
(A) USING APPLIANCES ENERGY-SAVING ELECTRICAL

(B) USING FLUORESCENT LAMPS WHICH ARE MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT THAN FILAMENT BULBS (C) USING PRESSURE COOKER & COOKING UTENSILS MADE OF GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT (D) USE PUBLIC TRANSPORT & CAR POOLING (E) ANY NEW BUILDING SHOULD BE DESIGNED TO BE MORE ENERGY EFFICIENT WELLVENTILATED, MAKING USE OF SOLAR TECHNOLOGY & MAKING MAX USE OF NATURAL LIGHT

6.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVING ENERGY RESOURCES

HAVE PROPER PLANNING & MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES USED IN ALL SECTORS SAVE MORE FUEL BY MAKING VEHICLES WITH SMALLER ENGINE CAPACITY & FUEL-SAVING ENGINES HAVE BETTER PUBLIC TRANSPORT FUEL POWER STATIONS MANAGED PROPERLY NEED TO BE

~ THE END~

EDITED BY : TEACHER FAASILLA