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Unicellular
Multicellular
Nucleus
The nucleus is the cells control center, directing all of the cells activities.
Mitochondrion
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
Golgi Body
The Golgi bodies receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
What do the red bars represent? What do the blue bars represent? Red bars represent percentages of compounds in bacterial cells; blue bars represent percentages of compounds in mammalian cells.
What percentage of a mammalian cell is made up of water? How does this compare to the percentage of water in a bacterial cell?
About 70%; the percentages are the same.
Which kind of compound proteins or nucleic acids makes up the larger percentage of a mammalian cell?
Proteins
In general, how do a bacterial cell and mammalian cell compare in their chemical composition?
They are similar, though mammalian cells have a lower percentage of nucleic acids, and bacterial cells have a lower percentage of lipids and fewer proteins.
A Selective Barrier
The cell membrane protects the contents of the cell and helps control the materials that enter and leave.
Diffusion
In diffusion, molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Ratios
The concentration of a solution can be expressed as a ratio. A ratio compares two numbers. It tells you how much you have of one item in comparison to another. For example, suppose you dissolve 5 g of sugar in 1 L of water. You can express the concentration of the solution in ratio form as 5 g:1 L, or 5 g/L. Practice Problem Suppose you dissolve 7 g of salt in 1 L of water. Express the concentration of the solution as a ratio. 7 g:1 L or 7 g/L
Osmosis
In osmosis, water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane.