R.

Prabhu

Introduction
Disease of new born calf and neonatal calf mortality are 2 important reasons for economic loss
20% calf mortality produce 38% net profit loss Neonatal calf mortality varies from 8.7% to 64% throughout the world

Reasons for Mortality

Infectious causes: (75-95%)

rota virus, corona virus, enteropathogenic E coli, Salmonella Immuno deficiency Seasonal effects Difficulty in parturition

Infectious causes
Rota virus, Corono virus, Toro virus
Rota virus play Important role in neonatal calf diarrhoea

Found in faces of diarrheic calves upto 3rd week

Attack epithelium of small intestine Replicates in tips of the villi

Desquamated cells replaced by cuboidal then flattened squamous cells

Infectious causes (contd..)

Diarrhoea at 5-14 days upto 3-4 weeks recovery in few days
Common during winter months

Corona virus incidence is lower than rota virus

Cause lower respiratory tract infections

Infectious causes
Treatment :

Oral and Parental fluid therapy Control: Isolation of affected calf Insure adequate colostral intake Vaccinate dam to induce specific immunity

Collibacillosis
common in calves under 3 days of age as early as 12-18 hrs
Adhere to mucosa and proliferate in intestine

Produce potent enterotoxin which produce excessive fluid secretion

Loss of fluid cause severe dehydration and death

Collibacillosis (contd..)
Septicemic collibacillosis
Organism invade through oral cavity, respiratory system, pharynx or umblicus

Signs are bacterial arthritis, polyserositis, meningitis and pyelonephritis

Survival rate less than 12%

Treatment
Fluid and electrolyte replacement

50-80 ml/Kg BW Antimicrobial and Immunoglobulin therapy Sulbactum ampicillin, lactamase resistant Cephalosporins, Sulpha trimethoprim Purified bovine gammaglobulin

Control
Calving pen should be well bedded and cleaned
Perineum and udder of cow should be washed Umbilicus of calf should be swabbed with 2%

Tincture iodine Affected calf should be removed from calving pen

Non infectious causes

Immunoglobulins

In colustrum IgG1, IgM, IgA, & IgG2

IgG1 is predominant 80% of total absorbed by neonatal calves

New born calf should ingest 80-100g of colostral IgG1

Immunoglobulins
Less than 100g of Ig cause failure of passive transfer of immunity
Maximum absorption occurs within 6-8 hrs after

birth Intestinal bacteria produce malabsorption syndrome

Season
Significant effect in absorption of immunoglobulin's
In temperate climate IgG1 conc. lowest in winter

and increased during spring and summer High mortality rates in winter born calves

Dystocia
Parturition problems
50% calves lost during dystocia Mainly due to feto - pelvic disproportion &

abnormal presentation

Miscellaneous
Poor management
Poor ventilation over crowding

no regular cleaning and disinfection

Thank you