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HASMUL WAHINI BINTI HASRAM D20111048971 SYATIRA BINTI YAHYA D20111049043

SUMMARY

WHAT IS SUMMARY?
Shorter (condensed) & differently worded version of an oral, visual or written text. Brief interpretation own words of the contents of a passage / article / some other text type. It is an interpretation because.. We have to decided what to include & what to leave out.

REASON FOR COMPOSING SUMMARIES

TO: 1. Gather information 2. Help understand information 3. Show other what we understand & read 4. Help compare ideas & arguments 5. Save time for academic, business 6. Improve skill in reading, comprehension & composition

7. Improve power of judgment & insight when choose between relevant & irrelevant ideas 8. Refine & enlarge vocabulary 9. Helps improve the way to express ourselves 10. Fulfill requirements fro variety course & examinations

STEPS IN SUMMARY WRITING

4 steps : READING -> OUTLINING -> CHECKING -> WRITING

1. READING
Must understand original text important to become active reader. Uses variety of reading strategies to make meaning from a text 3 stages of reading First reading : to gain a general ideas skim reading Second reading : be outlining / making notes read again, pay careful attention to the meaning decided what the main idea in each paragraph while reading underline topic sentence

 Third & additional readings : checking stages need to re-read original passage * REMEMBER, YOUR ABILITY TO WRITE A SUCCESSFUL SUMMARY DEPENDS IN HOW WELL YOU UNDERSTAND THE ORIGINAL PASSAGE.

2. OUTLINING
Involves making notes to help compose summary 2 stages of outlining First outlining stage: ready for the first outlining 2 steps : 1. Number each paragraph 2. Write a statement of the authors purpose help to work out ideas & details to include / leave out

 Reason why author writes is TO : 1. Pass information 2. Impart knowledge 3. Tell story 4. Issue instruction 5. Explain something 6. Describe 7. Persuade 8. Put forward an argument

9. Stimulate thought & discussion 10.Call action 11.Seek advice / information 12.Apply something 13.Complain 14.Record an event 15.Praise / criticize 16.entertain

 Second outlining stage : occurs during second reading stage 10 steps. Purpose of put lining is to: 1. Identify & make judgments about importance ideas & details in passage 2. Record main ideas & important details in note form 3. Organize notes to show ideas, details, order & relationship between them.

Steps : 1. Underline topic sentences & key words each paragraph 2. Summarizing write subheadings 3. Ask variety question 4. Make notes under subheadings 5. Write down statement of main idea 6. Leave out information that not support main idea

7. Collapse / combine information 8. Collapse / combine details from lists, bulleted points, tables / charts 9. Include factual & statistical information 10.For examination purpose, try to structure summary at least 15 key ideas

3. WRITTING
2 steps : 1. Writing first draft 2. Writing final version

1. Writing first draft

Once complete outlining, checked for accuracy against original text, then ready to begin writing first draft!!! 1) Put original passage aside 2) Create tittle for summary example : Summary Of The History of Burlesque Production 3) Use only the outlining notes you have made.

4. Do not look back at original passage otherwise might end up using words from it 5. Summary must be significantly shorter than original 6. Change the order of idea 7. Do not over emphasize point / ideas in 1ST part of summary. 8. Link idea, write in a fluent, continuous style 9. Do not use construction, e.g., dont, cant, shouldn't, etc.

10. always use PAST TENSE.

2. Writing final version

Neat version only after checked / edit first / later draft

4. IDENTIFYING THE MAIN IDEA

Main idea is CENTRAL / CONTROLLING idea in writing 4 steps: 1. Read given sentence carefully twice / more 2. Decided what author purpose is & write down 3. Underline key words 4. Write down idea in own words.

5. Supporting main ideas

6 supporting main ideas : 1. Supporting details 2. Minor details 3. Irrelevant details 4. Repetition 5. Redundancy

1. Supporting details
Details that support main idea Consider question. *the more important detail, the more likely it is that you will include it

2. Minor details
Not supporting detail, but still connected to overall passage.

3. Irrelevant details
Details that not supporting main idea

4. Repetition
Repeat an ides for emphasis / for some other reason. Example : The room was square, with four walls and large wooden door four wall need not to be mention because, square room already define the room has four wall.

5. Redundancy
Refers to overuse of words to make point. Example : The gorgeous, beautiful, attractive fish passed in front of us as we swam towards the reef Gorgeous, beautiful & attractive essentially same thing. Descriptions not improved by listing synonyms.

6. Reviewing the summary writing process

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Read passage / text carefully Decide authors purpose Note title underline key words Ask question Decide main idea & write with own words Reject irrelevant details Write 1st draft - check carefully against original Write final version, write down number of words used.