Overview of DataBase Management System

Concept
Character

Field
Record

File
Database

Types of Database
Operational Database Distributed External Hypermedia

Operational database
It stores detailed data needed to support

Business functions
HR Database
Payroll File details Personal

EMP Name.EMP No..EMP addressEMP Salary..

Distributed Database
These are mainly the copies of operational data

Uploaded on server to be distributed among the

employees or customers Replication is done to improve the data performance at the end user worksite

External Database
Available from outside the organization

Provides information related to the subject

Data available in the form of statistics too

Common sources are

online newspapers,

magazine, other published material

Hypermedia Database
WebPages storing various external database

links Contains hyperlink to the media like magazine, text, graphics, videos, audios and other media Videos
Computer

Audio
Hypermedia Database Server text

graphic s
others

DBMS

DBMS
Is a system that helps to store and retrieve

information in a database. Data base involves o Creating data o Modifying data o Deleting data o Adding data It helps in creating reports and answering adhock queries

The system which does all the above

functions is a DBMS

DBMS
DBMS is a collection of database and set of

programs to access these data These are the specialized software that aids in efficient and effective o Creation o Manipulation o Maintenance Of any given database

Advantages of Database
Storage Easy searching and Updation Reduction of Data Redundancy

Control Consistency
Data sharing Enforcement of Standards

Data Security
Printing Reports

Database Models
A database model is a specification describing how the database should be structured and used Database models are the collection of conceptual tools for o Describing data o Data Relationship o Data constraints

Various Models
1.

Record based Logical Models

1. The Relational Model

2. The Network Model

3. The Hierarchical
2.

Object Based Logical Model 1. The E-R Model 2. The Object Oriented Model

Hierarchical Model

Level 1
L evel2
Child 1

Parent

Child 2

Child 3

Level 3

Sub child 1

Hierarchical Model
Here data and records are organized into a tree

like structure. It represent parents child relationship One parent can have many children But each child will have only one parent

Network Model
Employee
E001 AAA ZZZ ENGG

Project
PRJ001 INVENTORY

E002

BBB

YYY

MANG

PRJ002

SALES

E003

CCC

XXX

CLER K

PRJ003

ACCOUNTS

Network Model
It represents the network between the two entities
Each entity is allowed to have multiple child and

parents

Relational Model
Employee
Emp No E01 E02 Name AAA BBB Dep No 10 20 20 Production Sales Human Resource

Department
Dep No 10 Dep. Name Accounts

E03
E04 E05

CCC
DDD EEE

30
30 40 50 40

Relational Model
Based on the relations of the tables

Table Employee and table Department are

related by the column Dep. No.

Entity-Relationship Diagram
EMP_Name
DEPT_No EMP_No

DEPT_Name
DEPT_No

EMPLOYEE

DEPARTMENT

BELONG TO

Entity-Relationship Diagram
The E-R model is based on concept consisting of

a collection of basic real world objects (ENTITY)

and their relationship among these objects

There are some specific defined symbols

1. 2. 3.

Rectangle : Represents the unique ENTITY Ellipses : Attributes of the ENTITY Diamond : Shows the relation between the entities .

The Object Oriented Model

The object oriented model is based on the

collection of objects, like the E-R Diagram An object contains value stored in instance variable within the object. An object also contains the bodies of code that operates on the object called methods. Objects that contain same type of values and the same methods are grouped into classes.

Assignments!!!!!!!!!!!!