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Kingdom Protozoa
Protists
Defining Characteristics
All are unicellular eukaryotes What is a prokaryote? Many species are both heterotrophic and autotrophic simultaneously or at different stages of the lifecycle
Kingdom Protozoa
Eukaryote Cell
Prokaryote Cell
Adaptability
Protozoans are ecologically important primary producers, consumers and as vital links in the food chain Humans are greatly effected by parasitic protozoans either directly or indirectly
Kingdom Protozoa
Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Replication of chromosomes and the splitting of the parent into two or more parts
Through asexual reproduction protozoans are identical and could be considered multicellular
Kingdom Protozoa
Asexual Reproduction
Amoeba
Flagellate
Ciliate
Kingdom Protozoa
Classification
Alveolate Protozoans Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Dinozoa Phylum Apicomplexa Amoeboid Protozoans The Rhizaria Phylum Foraminifera Phylum Radiozoa
Kingdom Protozoa
Phylum Ciliophora
Defining characteristics
Have the highest degree of subcellular specialization and are considered advanced protozoans
Paramecium feces
Kingdom Protozoa
Cilia
Cilia
Hair-like structures by which the organism moves, collects food and senses their surroundings
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Kingdom Protozoa
Ciliate Biology
Oral groove
Cytostome
Cytoproct
Contractile vacuole
Paramecium
Ciliate Lifestyles
65% of all ciliate species are free-living and mobile Some ciliates form colonial aggregations and have sessile habits Other ciliates have symbiotic relationships in invertebrates and vertebrates
Vorticella
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Kingdom Protozoa
Also contaminates shellfish causing diarrheic shellfish poisoning Some benthic dinoflagellates produce a neurotoxin that accumulates in tropical fish called Ciguatera
Kingdom Protozoa
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Kingdom Protozoa
Malaria (Plasmodium)
Amoeboid Protozoans
Contains 56,000 described species 44,000 are only known as fossils Most reproduce asexually through binary fission
Characterized by pseudopodia Food is usually captured by phagocytosis Body types range from free flowing to rigid with skeletal supports
Kingdom Protozoa
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Phagocytosis
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Kingdom Protozoa
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Kingdom Protozoa
Defining characteristics
Foram. tests
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Kingdom Protozoa
Foraminiferans
Extremely abundant, most are benthic and marine Feed on diatoms and algae, very slow movers Organisms are extremely common and form ooze
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Kingdom Protozoa
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Kingdom Protozoa
Defining characteristics
Have pseudopodia supported with thin microtubules that give a spiny rayed appearance
Kingdom Protozoa
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Radiolarians
Have shells made of silicon dioxide that can be very intricate Feed on diatoms and other phytoplankton
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Zooflagellated Protozoans
Choanoflagellates
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Kingdom Protozoa
Phytoflagellated Protozoans
Have chlorophyll and obtain energy directly from the sunlight Some are strictly autotrophic or heterotrophic
Both the Euglena and the dinoflagellates are examples of phytoflagellated protozoans
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Kingdom Protozoa