Trigonometric Ratios and their

Importance
Siddharth Dutta
Class X D

Introduction
The word trigonometry is derived from the Greek words tri(meaning three), gon(meaning sides), and metron (meaning measure). Trigonometry is the study of relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle.

 Trigonometry

is a very important part of mathematics. It is mainly used in measuring the height or distance of objects which are too large or very far away, and cannot be measured physically.

Trigonometric Ratios
The relationships between the angles and the sides of a right triangle are expressed in terms of trigonometric ratios. In trigonometry, angles are usually named by means of Greek letters. The Greek name of the symbol is theta.


1.

There are six trigonometric ratios:

Sine Cosine

2.

3.

Tangent
A

4. Cosecant

5. Secant
6. Cotangent

Trigonometric ratios of some specific angles

0 30 45 60 90

sin
cos tan

0
1 0 1

1
0 Not defined 1

cosec

Not defined 1

sec

Not defined

cot

Not defined

Trigonometric ratios of
complimentary angles
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Sin (90- ) = cos Cos (90- ) = sin Tan (90- ) = cot Cot (90- ) = tan Sec (90- ) = cosec Cosec (90- ) = sec

Trigonometric Identities
An equations involving trigonometric ratios is called a trigonometric identity, if it is true for all the values of the angle(s) involved. Out of the many identities, three basic identities are:
cos2 + sin2 = 1 ii. 1 + tan2 = sec2 iii. cot2 + 1 = cosec2
i.

Uses of Trigonometry
To calculate distances from the Earth to the planets and stars Construction of maps Determining the position of an island in relation to the latitudes and longitudes Measuring the height or length of an object or the distance between two distant objects can be determined with the help of trigonometric ratios

Things necessary to measure long distances or heights

The line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of the observer to the point in the object viewed by the observer.

The angle of elevation of an object viewed, is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is above the horizontal level, i.e., the case when we lower our head to look at the object.

The angle of depression of an object viewed, is the angle formed y the line of sight with the horizontal when it is below the horizontal level, i.e., the case when we lower our head to look at the object.

thank you