Line capacitance

Importance of calculation of Line

capacitance
The capacitance between the conductors is the
charge per unit potential difference
Considerable effect of capacitance is there in HV
and long lines
It affects the regulation, power factor, efficiency
of the line and stability of the system.
Charging current:
-Current supplied to the conductors even at no
load condition
- It depends upon the capacitance of the line, the
applied voltage and frequency
Electric field intensity due to infinite
line charge
Consider a long wire having the charge q
coulomb per metre as shown in fig
Using Gausss Law,


- D=Electric field density
- ds=differential area ds with direction
normal to the surface
- Q=total charge enclosed by the surface
area ds




r
q
}
=Q D.ds

V/m
r 2
q D
E
E D
C/m
r 2
q
D
ql l r 2 D
ql charge Total
rl 2 area enclosed The
0
2
tc c
c
t
t
t
= =
=
=
=
=
=
Potential difference between two
points due to line charge
Potential at any point is defined as the
work done in moving unit positive
charge from infinity to that point

r
1
r
2
P
1
P
2
( ) | |
field e against th moved charge unit the indicates sign ve -
r
r
ln
2
q

r ln
2
q

2
q
2
q
- dr E - V
1
2
0
0
r
r 0
r
r 0
r
r
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
tc
tc
tc tc
=
=
= = =
} } }
r
r
dr
r
dr
r
Capacitance of single phase line
Assumptions made:
1. Charge is uniformly distributed over the
surface of the conductor so that flux is
radial (but the presence of other charges
nearer to the conductor is not uniform)
2. Effect of earth is neglected
Charge in conductor A =q
Charge in conductor B = -q
X
D
P
x
A
B
( )

1 1
2
. V
1 1
2
q
E
is p' ' point at E total direction, same in the are fields both the since
x - D 2
q
E B' ' from P' ' point at intensity field Electric
2
q
E A' ' from P' ' point at intensity field Electric
0
AB
0
x
0
ve
0
ve
dx
x D x
q
dx E
x D x
x
x D
x
x
x D
} }

+
(

+ = =
(

+ =
=
=
tc
tc
tc
tc
| |
| |
F/m
ln
V
q
C
ln V
x - D x, D since
ln ln
2
2q

ln 2 ) ln( 2
2
q

) ln( ln
2
q

0
AB
AB
0
AB
0 0
0
0
|
.
|

\
|
= =
|
.
|

\
|
=
~ >>>
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
.
|

\
|

=
=
=

x
D
x
D q
D
x
x D q
x
x D
x x D
x D x
x D
x
tc
tc
tc tc
tc
tc
A B

A
N
B
C
AN
C
BN
line phase single the of e capacitanc the times two is
plane neutral w.r.t the conductor one of e Capacitanc
x
D
ln
2
C 2 C
x
D
ln
C
AB AN
AB
|
.
|

\
|
= =
|
.
|

\
|
=
o
o
tc
tc
Potential Difference between two conductors
in a group of conductors
volts
D
D
ln
2
q
V
3 conductor on q charge to due 2 & 1 conductors between P.D
volts
D
R
ln
2
q
V
2 conductor on q charge to due 2 & 1 conductors between P.D

1 - conductor of radius the is R
2 and 1 conductors between distance the is D
R
D
ln
2
q
V is 1 - conductor on q charge to due
2 & 1 conductors between difference al potenti The
13
23
o
3
12
3
12
2
o
2
12
2
1
12
1
12
o
1
12 1
tc
tc
tc
=
=
=
where
calculated be also can conductors
the all of charges to due conductors other between P.D y similar wa In

D
D
ln
2
q
.. ..........
D
D
ln
2
q
D
R
ln
2
q
R
D
ln
2
q
V
volts
D
D
ln
2
q
V
n conductor on q charge to due n & 1 conductors between P.D
similarly
1n
2n
o
n
13
23
o
3
12
2
o
2
1
12
o
1
12
1n
2n
o
n
1n
n
tc tc tc tc
tc
+ + + + =
=
theref ore

Capacitance of a Three-Phase Transposed Line

charges on conductors of phases a, b and c are q
a
,
q
b
and q
c
respectively. Since the system is assumed to be
balanced


V
ab
for the first, second and third sections
of the transposition are given respectively
as

Then the average value of the voltage is

This implies
Using GMD and GMR approach
similarly
For a set of balanced three-phase voltages



Therefore we can write

Therefore the capacitance to neutral is given by

For bundles conductor