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Dr Subhash Gupta
Cultural Variables Values Norms Beliefs Work Time Materialism Attitudes Individualism Change
Individual and Group Employee Job Behavior Motivation Commitment Productivity Ethics
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Dr Subhash Gupta
INGREDIENTS OF ATTITUDE
1. Ethics, especially in business. 2. Integrity. 3. Responsibility. 4. Respect for law and order. 5. Respect for the rights of others. 6. Hard work. 7. Prudence. 8. Will of super action . 9. Punctuality. 10. Planning.
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In poor countries, only a minority follow these basic principles in their daily lives. Therefore, we are not poor because we lack natural resources or because nature was cruel to us. We are poor because we lack ATTITUDE. We lack the will to comply with and teach these functional principles of rich and developed societies.
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11/10/2012
Indian Managers
An average Indian manager represents a plausible picture of the average Indians resistance for change, his willingness to delegate but unwillingness to accept authority, his fear of taking an independent decision, his possessive attitude towards his inferiors and his abject surrender to his superiors, his strict observance of rituals and his disregard of them in practice, his preaching of high morals against personal immorality, and his neardesperate efforts at maintaining the status quo while talking of change.
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Ninth most corrupt country in the world. Pervasive corruption linked to excessive control and unfulfilled demand Red tape Widespread tax evasion
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Percentage of Frauds detected through various tools Internal Audit 17% Tip-off (internal) 16% Fraud Risk Management 14% By accident 13% Tip-off (External) 11% Whistle Blowing 7% Suspicious Transaction Reporting 5% Corporate Scrutiny 5% Rotation of personnel 5% Other Detection methods 4% By Law enforcement 3%
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S K I L L S 19 11 9 12 12 19 K N O W L E D G E 11 14 15 23 12 5 4 7 5
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H A R D W O R K 8 1 18 4 23 15 18 11
A T T I T U D E 1 20 20 9 20 21 4 5
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Most significant change in a persons life: change of attitude A positive attitude is not a destination: it is a way of life Our lives are reflections of our attitudes A positive attitude is like a magnet for positive results Right attitudes produce right actions A creative attitude is the fuel of progress and growth
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Professional Ethics
Professionals:
Why professions?
11/10/2012
Professional Ethics
The whole point of a profession is to establish a reputation (and live up to it). Professional conduct is what the reputation leads people to expect. Determining professional obligation is more a matter of sociology than ethics.
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Business as a Profession?
Professional duties of business managers and directors have been narrowly construed.
Strictly a fiduciary duty to owners (investors, stockholders). Fiduciary duty is strictly financial - make lots of money. Not allowed to think about ethics if it impedes profit. This protects fiduciaries from frivolous lawsuits.
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11/10/2012
If the firm cant compete, managers will get the blame. Quality and safety raise the price of the product.
Ideally, the consumer decides how to balance quality and safety against cost. But quality and safety often cannot be evaluated until long after the purchase.
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Corruption
Kickbacks
A purchasing agent may receive payments from a supplier in exchange for a contract. This is corrupt in the West because it implies conflict of interest.
The purchaser is supposed to consider the companys interest, not his/her own. Decisions are based on transparency: the bids, information about the bidders, etc.
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Corruption
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Corruption
The kickback makes it clear that the seller is serious about the relationship. If he has invested in the relationship, he is unlikely to disappear when there are problems.
In some parts of the world, kickbacks are written into the contract.
A curious result of imposing the foreign idea of a written contract. A contract presupposes a universal framework of rules and justice, in which most cultures do not believe.
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Corruption
Nepotism
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Corruption
The boss is intimately aware of abilities and can assign duties accordingly.
Duties are determined more by direct supervision than written job descriptions.
The authority of an elder family member can induce relatives to produce more than others with greater talent.
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Corruption
Bribes
Definition varies.
Many view a kickback as a commission, not a bribe. A thank-you gift may be viewed as gratitude rather than bribery, even if there is some quid-pro-quo.
Consequences vary.
In China, bribery can be punished with death by firing squad. In Turkey, the police ask you to pay them a bribe.
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Corruption
Frequency varies.
In Singapore, no one dares. In China, it is ubiquitous.
In South Korea, executives give white envelopes full of cash to government officials as a normal part of doing business.
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The bribe assures the government official that the executive will abide by regulations to avoid losing a relationship in which he has invested. Not necessarily corrupting, although exposure brings loss of face.
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Corruption
In Japan, bribery is corrupting because it undermines group loyalty. In China, it is corrupting because it shortcuts guanxi and weakens government power. In Malaysia and Indonesia, unclear. In Russia and eastern Europe, an unmitigated evil. In Africa, bribes so inflate the cost of doing business that the economy is crippled. In India, government officials could not subsist without side payments.
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THE ICEBERG
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THE ICEBERG ii
ONLY 10% OF ANY ICEBERG IS VISIBLE.
THE REMAINING 90% IS BELOW SEA LEVEL!
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10 %
SEA LEVEL
90 %
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THE ICEBERG iv
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THE ICEBERG v
KNOWN TO OTHERS
SEA LEVEL
UNKNOWN TO OTHERS
ATTITUDE
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BEHAVIOUR
SEA LEVEL
UNKNOWN TO OTHERS
ATTITUDE
MOTIVES ETHICS - BELIEFS
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Thank you