Material created by IZASKUN IBAEZ Teacher at Ander Deuna Ikastola

Climate encompasses the statistics of: Temperature Humidity Atmospheric pressure Wind Precipitation in a given region over long periods, and is affected by Latitude Terrain Altitude nearby water bodies and their currents.

Weather is the mix of events that happens each day in our atmosphere regarding temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind and precipitation.

Is divided into different climatic regions. And each of those CLIMATES affects each regions

- FAUNA - VEGETATION - SOIL TYPE - Circumstances of human population

That is
In the Basque Country we dont have coconut trees or iguanas because our climate is not tropical!

The relationship between climate and fauna and vegetation is not a coincidence!
However, we have oak trees, squirrels etc in our forests. And the leaves color is different In Autumn, unlike in the evergreen tropical trees.

( or NATURAL HABITAT TYPE)

The sum of animals and vegetation which develop under the same climatic condictions.

TROPICAL CLIMATES Tropical WET Tropical MONSOON Tropical WET & DRY

DRY CLIMATES Dry ARID HOT DESERT Dry ARID COLD DESERT Dry semi-arid hot desert Dry semi-arid cold desert

TEMPERATE CLIMATES Temperate MEDITERRANEAN Temperate HUMID SUBTROPICAL Temperate OCEANIC

CONTINENTAL CLIMATES HUMID Continental COLD Continental Continental SUBARTIC (Boreal or Taiga)

POLAR CLIMATES Polar TUNDRA Polar ICE CAP

Each of the climates determines a biome

CLIMATE The BIOME we will find in a place with that climate TROPICAL FOREST TROPICAL FOREST GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)

For example: In a territory with a tropical wet climate, we will find a tropical forest biome. And as follows:

Tropical WET Tropical MONSOON Tropical WET & DRY

Dry ARID HOT DESERT

Dry ARID COLD DESERT Dry SEMI-ARID HOT Dry SEMI-ARID COLD

DESERT (HOT DESERT)

DESERT (COLD DESERT) GRASSLAND GRASSLAND (STEPPE)

Temperate MEDITERRANEAN
Temperate HUMID SUBTROPICAL Temperate OCEANIC HUMID Continental COLD Continental Continental SUBARTIC Polar TUNDRA Polar ICE CAP

GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)
DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND DECIDUOUS FOREST DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND GRASSLND (STEPPE) TAIGA TUNDRA ICE CAP

CLIMATE

BIOME

TROPICAL WET

TROPICAL FOREST
PHILIPPINES

AMAZONAS

AFRICA

GHANA

CLIMATE

BIOME

TROPICAL MONSOON
INDIA

TROPICAL FOREST

CLIMATE TROPICAL WET & DRY

BIOME GRASSLAND (SAVANNA)

Australian Savanna

African Savanna

CLIMATE DRY ARID HOT DESERT ARABIA

BIOME DESERT (HOT DESERT) CHIHUAHUA

SAHARA

KALAHARI

CLIMATE

BIOME

DRY ARID COLD DESERT

ATACAMA

DESERT (COLD DESERT)

GOBI

GREAT BASIN

IRANIAN DESERT

CLIMATE

BIOME

DRY SEMI-ARID HOT

GRASSLAND
SAHEL (AFRICA)

SAHEL

The Sahel is a clear example of a semi-arid hot zone: a transition zone between a deser and a savanna

CLIMATE DRY SEMI-ARID COLD KAZAKHSTAN

BIOME GRASSLAND (STEPPE) RUSSIA

MONGOLIA

PATAGONIA

CLIMATE TEMPERATE MEDITERRANEAN

BIOME GRASSLAND (CHAPARRAL)

CLIMATE TEMPERATE HUMID SUBTROPICAL USA

BIOME DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND ARGENTINA

USA

ARGENTINA

CLIMATE TEMPERATE OCEANIC

BIOME DECIDUOUS FOREST

CLIMATE HUMID CONTINENTAL IOWA

BIOME DECIDUOUS FOREST or GRASSLAND WISCONSIN

Grassland in the driest part

CLIMATE COLD CONTINENTAL

BIOME GRASSLAND CANADA

CLIMATE CONTINENTAL SUBARTIC (BOREAL or TAIGA)

BIOME TAIGA

CLIMATE POLAR TUNDRA

BIOME TUNDRA

CLIMATE POLAR ICE CAP GREENLAND

BIOME ICE CAP

ICELAND

PATAGONIA

THEN IS SAVANNA A BIOME?

SAVANNA is a type of GRASSLAND. Some consider GRASSLANDS as a MAJOR BIOME and its varieties as SUB-BIOMES and others consider each of the varieties a different BIOME. But WHY? Because each of the VARIETIES of GRASSLANDS occurs under DIFFERENT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS and we said that Biomes where The sum of animals and vegetation which develop under the same climatic conditions.

GRASSLANDS
SAVANNA
Africa Australia India Tropical wet & dry

PRAIRIE
USA

CHAPARRAL STEPPE
Mediterranean areas Mid Asia

PAMPA
Argentina

- Continental - Temperate - Cold - Dry Mediterranean Continental semiarid

- Humid subtropical - Dry Semiarid

TROPICAL FOREST

TROPICAL (WET) TROPICAL (Monsoon) It rains all the year. There are no seasons.

CLIMATE

LOCATION
NEAR THE EQUATOR South America, western Africa & Southeast Asia

SOIL
POOR The rain takes all the soils nutrients. Low fertility for agriculture

FAUNA
MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANET Jaguars, pumas, monkeys, toucans, frogs, iguanas, butterflies, snakes, exotic birds

VEGETATION
MOST SPECIES IN THE PLANET Lianas, epiphytes, bromeliads, mangroves, coconut tree

SAVANNA

SAVANNA is a variety of GRASSLANDS

GRASSLAND VARIETIES: PRAIRIES, STEPPES, PAMPAS, CHAPARRAL and SAVANNA

PRAIRIES in North America, PAMPA in Argentima and STEPPE in mid Asia.

SAVANNA

CHAPARRAL

Tropical wet & dry

Only 2 seasons: A rainy and hot one A dry and warm one (the fires season)

CLIMATE OF THE SAVANNA

LOCATION
North and south of the Equator, between trop. Forest and desert.

SOIL
Only a thin layer of humus, which provides vegetation with nutrients. FERRUGINOUS (it has iron red colour)

BIG ANNIMALS

FAUNA

VEGETATION
Baobab

Acacia Grass

Baobab

DESERT
HOT (main precipitation: rain) COLD (main precipitations: snow and fog)

CLIMATE
DRY CLIMATE ARID HOT DESERT

DRY CLIMATE ARID COLD DESERT

LOCATION
Near the tropics

SOIL
HARD and DRY. SANDY or ROCKY. INFERTILE.

FAUNA
Nocturnal and many underground animals (Insects, reptiles, arachnids, birds, mammals

VEGETATION
Precipitation is too low to substain vegetation

DECIDUOUS FOREST (temperate forest)

CLIMATE
TEMPERATE/MODERATE (The mid latitudes) Oceanic and humid subtropical.. (4 seasons. Temperatures are not extreme)

LOCATION
Europe / Eastern USA , Australia, China / Japan

SOIL
RICH and good for agriculture

FAUNA

Eagles, squirrels, bears, elks, deers, coyotes

American buffalos, beavers, raccoons, skunks, birds, foxes, wolves

VEGETATION
BROAD LEAF TREES: Oak, Beech, Maple, Elm, Willow

OAK

BEECH

MAPLE

TAIGA (Boreal forests)

CLIMATE
COLD / CONTINENTAL (Boreal-Taiga)

LOCATION
North America, Eurasia

PERMAFROST (with a light ice layer visible or underneath) PODZOL (with a layer of ash and reddish due to oxid and iron)

SOIL

FAUNA
Elks, deers, beavers, woodpeckers, hawks, bears, lynx, foxes, wolves, bats

VEGETATION
Cold-tolerant evergreen conifers with needlelike leaves: PINE, FIR and SPRUCE

TUNDRA

CLIMATE
POLAR (Tundra)

LOCATION
Near the North Pole

SOIL
PERMAFROST

FAUNA
Migratory birds, mammals (caribou, squirrels, artic foxes, wolves, polar bears)

VEGETATION
Lichens (plantlike organisms made up of an alga and a fungus)