PHONEMIC ANALYSIS

NURUL AMALINA BT CHE AZMI

AMIRAH ATHIRAH BT MOHD ALIAS

Affricates
Distinctive Features
PROBLEMS IN PHONEMIC ANALYSIS

The English Vowel System

Schwa // Cluster of s with Plosive

Syllabic Consonants

Not able to combine freely with other consonants to form consonant cluster except in final position limited words
AFFRICATES /, / - are composed of a plosive and a fricative.

2 ways to analyse phoneme:

// and //

Single phoneme

/t/+// and /d/+//

Two phonemes

Reduces the number of vowel phonemes long vowels and diphthongs.

THE ENGLISH VOWEL SYSTEM

Long vowel (2 short vowels)

i: u:

Diphthongs (basic vowel + i/u/)

ej ei
tj ti:

w u
h :

Long vowels & diphthongs (vowel + consonants)

SYLLABIC CONSONANTS

A vowel and a consonant that are combined.

Symbolised by the mark ()

E.g.:

Syllabic
Hungary
Phonetically - /hgr/ (but, // is not pronounced) Becomes - /hgr/

Non-syllabic
hungry

/hgr/

Represented by phonemes /p/, /t/ and /k/ preceded by s.

CLUSTER OF S WITH PLOSIVE E.g. in spit stilt skit

Unaspirated plosive.

SCHWA //
Mostly occurs in weak syllables // phoneme has 2 allophones // and //

// - weak syllable with stress // - weak syllable with no stress

but there is no minimal pairs found to show contrast
E.g. : cup - /kp/ or /kp/

// also represents as an allophone of several other vowels (when the phoneme occurs in unstressed syllable) E.g. :
/:mnk/ - Germanic /:mn/ - German

Phonemes are combinations of different features, not independent and indivisible unit

Each phoneme has certain features that others do not have

DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
E.g.:

/p/ - voiceless + bilabial + stop

/d/ - voiced + alveolar + stop